重庆住宅人员空调使用行为特点及评价  

Evaluation of Occupant Behavior on Annual Air Conditioning Use in Residential Buildings in Chongqing

作　　者：杜晨秋 喻伟[1] 李百战[1] 马言炯 明茹 姚润明[1] DU Chenqiu;YU Wei;LI Baizhan;MA Yanjiong;MING Ru;YAO Runming(Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments(Ministry of Education),Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学,绿色建筑与人居环境营造国际合作联合实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《建筑科学》2020年第10期12-19,共8页Building Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目课题“基于能耗限额的建筑室内热环境定量需求及节能技术路径”(2016YFC0700301)。

摘　　要：住宅室内人员空调使用行为复杂多样,如何准确评价及预测其特点日益成为建筑节能的研究重点。本文通过对重庆地区10户住宅人员空调使用情况开展连续追踪监测,分析了住宅室内温度、空调开启状态、用电量等全年变化特点。结果显示,由于自然通风和供冷供暖的混合运行模式,住宅全年室内温度在10~30℃范围内波动;人员空调使用行为受室内温度影响显著,夏季空调使用集中在6月下旬至9月上旬、晚上时段(18:00~),且日均用电量(<2 kW·h~>6 kW·h)显著大于冬季,揭示了该地区住宅空调以供冷为主的使用特性。夏季空调开启概率与室内空气温度的Logistic回归模型显示,室内温度在22~36℃内变化时,人员开启空调概率随室内温度呈S型变化。结果为该地区住宅人员空调使用行为预测采用简便测试参数和供暖空调能耗模拟提供了理论和数据支撑,也为政府冬夏季用电负荷管理调度提供一定的参考。Occupants’air conditioning use behavior,due to its diversity and uncertainty,has attracted an increasing focus in the field of indoor thermal environment and building energy efficiency.In this paper,continuous tracking and monitoring was carried out for the air conditioning use in 10 households in Chongqing;the annual variation characteristics of indoor temperature,air conditioning status and electricity consumption were analyzed.As can be seen from the results,the annual indoor temperature varied in the range of 10-30℃due to the mixed running mode of natural ventilation and cooling and heating.The air conditioning use behavior of occupants was significantly affected by indoor temperatures in winter and summer.The air conditioning was mostly used in summer from late June to early September,and at night(after 18:00 pm).The daily average electricity consumption in summer(<2 kW·h->6 kW·h)was much higher than that in winter,revealing the characteristics of residential air conditioning in this area for cooling.The logistic regression model predicting the probability of air conditioning on responding to indoor air temperature in summer was established,where the probability of air conditioning use behavior varied in S-shape with indoor temperatures of 22-36℃.

关 键 词：住宅建筑 人员行为 分体式空调 使用特点 预测模型 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]