论油污损害中渔业损失性质之界定  

On the Nature of Loss of Fishing in Oil Pollution Damage

作　　者：董春华 DONG Chun-hua(Intellectual Properey Academy,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学知识产权学院,上海200042

出　　处：《河北法学》2020年第11期87-101,共15页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目《中国侵权责任法改革研究》(16JJD820015)。

摘　　要：在海洋油污损害中,渔业损失通常被认定为纯粹经济损失,依据是国际条约及各国相关文件模棱两可的"一揽子"规定、渔业损失非社会真正损失以及渔民对渔业资源和海域均无所有权。探讨渔业损失是否是纯粹经济损失具有重要意义。依侵权法基本理论,过失致纯粹经济损失获赔是例外,而侵害权利或认可利益之损失符合侵权责任要件即可获赔。渔业损失所依赖的渔业权之性质存在争论,认定渔业权为用益物权更能反映渔业权之特征,也未违背物权法基本原理。渔业损失为基于渔业权之侵害而产生的损害,不是纯粹经济损失,这对渔业损失获赔及侵权法纯粹经济损失基本理论的发展有重要影响。英美法系各国不愿承认渔业权所有权性质主要是避免撤销该权利可能产生高额赔偿。In the damage of marine oil pollution,the loss of fishing is usually considered as pure economic loss,grounding on the blanket regulation of the related domestic documents and international treaty,fishing loss being not the real social loss and the fisherman’s no property right over the fishing resource and the sea.It is important to discuss the nature of loss of fishing.Based on the general tort theory,the compensation for causing pure economic loss negligently is an exception,while infringing rights or confirmed interests will lead to compensation if the elements are satisfied as a tort.The nature of the fishing right is controversial.Taking fishing right as usufructuary right can reflect the treats of fishing right and it will affect the compensation of fishing loss and the development of general theory of pure economic loss in tort.The common law system countries are reluctant to admit the property nature of fishing right for avoiding the compensation for revoking this right.

关 键 词：油污损害 渔业损失 纯粹经济损失 财产权 渔业权 

分 类 号：DF935[政治法律—国际法学]