皮胶类药物在中医应用中的历史演变  

Evolution of the Application of Hide Gelatin in Traditional Chinese Medicine

作　　者：向诚 郭晶磊 Xiang Cheng;Guo Jinglei

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学岳阳临床学院,201203 [2]上海中医药大学基础医学院,201203

出　　处：《中医药文化》2020年第5期46-58,共13页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：上海市教育委员会科研创新计划“冷门绝学”项目“出土简帛医方文献整理与数据库建设”;上海中医药大学预算内项目“秦汉简帛医方研究”(2020WK108)。

摘　　要：系统考证中医对皮胶类药物应用的分类与历史演变,认为最早的牛皮胶被称为"阿胶"是据其"出东阿""生东平郡"的产地而命名,且与当地水质对制胶的作用有关。唐以前中医皮胶类药物应用主要以牛皮胶为主,猪皮胶也有少量使用。由于唐五代和宋初的"断屠钓"等政策和军用物资需要,直接促成了驴皮替代牛皮成为制作"阿胶"主要原料的历史演变。因此,制作阿胶不必非用驴皮,历史上牛皮更具道地性,这将有助于扩大药用资源,促进中医药产业经济发展。This paper systematically researches the classification and evolution of the application of hide gelatin in traditional Chinese medicine.It is believed that in the early stage,the oxhide gelatin was called"E Gelatin"because the place of its production is"Dong E",whose water quality also played a positive role.Before the Tang Dynasty,the main hide gelatin used in traditional Chinese medicine was oxhide gelatin,and pig-hide gelatin was also used in a small amount.In the period of the Tang Dynasty,the Five Dynasties,and the early Song Dynasty,due to the policy of"no slaughter and fishing"and the need of military supplies,the donkey-hide replaced the oxhide to become the main raw material for making"E Gelatin".Therefore,in history,the oxhide is more common.It is not necessary to use donkey hide to make hide gelatin,which will help expand medicinal resources and promote the economic development of traditional Chinese medicine industry.

关 键 词：皮胶类药物 阿胶 药物史 医学应用 膏方 

分 类 号：R288[医药卫生—中药学]