乡村内生型发展活力测评——德国巴伐利亚州的实践与启示  

“Vitalitats-Check”for Endogenous Development of Rural Communities:Practice in Bavaria,Germany and Its Enlightenments

作　　者：干靓[1] 钱玲燕[2] 杨秀[3] Gan Jing;Qian Lingyan;Yang Xiu

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院城市规划系,自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心 [2]同济大学外国语学院德语系 [3]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2020年第5期23-34,共12页Urban Planning International

基　　金：上海市社科规划青年课题“德国可持续城镇发展的政策演变与路径选择”,浙江外国语学院国别和区域研究中心项目“德国村民自治经验对浙江乡村治理的启示”资助。

摘　　要：科学评测乡村发展活力,研判乡村发展问题,对于实施乡村振兴战略、完善国家治理体系、优化国土空间布局有着重要意义。德国巴伐利亚州食品农林厅乡村发展管理局推出的乡村活力测评新工具——"以内生型发展为目标的村镇活力测评"(简称"村镇活力测评"),旨在基于全面客观的评价,为地方政府与规划师制定村庄更新、乡村社区发展及跨地域社区间联系的前瞻性策略提供依据。本文以巴伐利亚州乡村发展新趋势作为村镇活力测评推出的背景,详细介绍村镇活力测评的工作任务、测评范围、内生型发展潜力识别及评价指标与结果表达,以跨村镇联盟"上韦恩河谷"(Oberes Werntal)为例分析村镇活力测评的应用成效,总结巴伐利亚州乡村活力测评工具的经验,提出对中国乡村活力测评及激活策略的启示。Scientific assessment of rural vitality and identification of rural development problems are of great significance to implement Rural Revitalization Strategy,to improve national governance system and to optimize territory spatial layout.The new rural vitality assessment tool"Vitalit?ts-Check zur Innenentwicklung für D?rfer und Gemeinden"(Vitalit?ts-Check)launched by the rural development authority of Bavaria Ministry of Food,Agriculture and Forestry in Germany,aims to provide a basis for local governments and planners to formulate forward-looking strategies for village renewal,rural community development and cross-border regional community connection based on a comprehensive and objective assessment.This paper analyzes the new trends of rural development in Bavaria as the background to propose Vitalit?ts-Check,introduces the task,assessment area,identification of endogenous development potential,assessment indicators and expression of the analysis results.Application performance is reviewed with case study of Intermunicipal Alliance"Oberes Werntal"and the experience of Vitalit?ts-Check in Bavaria is summarized to put forward enlightenments to China’s rural vitality evaluation and activation strategies.

关 键 词：村镇活力测评 内生型发展 土地管理数据库 发展潜力 供应 巴伐利亚 上韦恩河谷 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]