残余应力的特征与表述形式  

CHARACTERISTIC AND EXPRESING MODES OF RESIDUAL STRESS

作　　者：潘进 丁文红 刘天武 孙力 赵楠 薛峰 Pan Jin;Ding Wenhong;Liu Tianwu;Sun Li;Zhao Nan;Xue Feng(HBIS Group Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang,Hebei,050023;School of Materials and Metallurgy,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430081)

机构地区：[1]河钢集团钢研总院,河北石家庄050023 [2]武汉科技大学材料与冶金学院,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《河北冶金》2020年第10期1-5,28,共6页Hebei Metallurgy

摘　　要：目前已发展出多种针对残余应力的检测方法,但各种检测方法获得的残余应力检测结果的形式互不相同,所代表的物理意义也有所差异。本文结合弹性力学的相关知识对残余应力的特征进行了描述,并结合裂纹柔度法、轮廓法、钻孔应变法、X射线衍射法、中子衍射法四种典型残余应力检测方法的检测原理,对其残余应力的表述形式进行了分析。当前所有残余应力的表述还不完整,未来应对加工过程残余应力释放引发的变形问题、切应力及残余应力状态所包含的方向性信息予以重点考虑。A variety of methods are developed to measure residual stress.However,the results of various measuring methods are different,which stands for different physical significance.The characteristic of residual stress is indicated according to elastic mechanics theory in this paper.And combining with measurement principle,the description forms of four typical measuring methods,namely crack compliance method,contour method,hole drilling strain-gauge method,X-ray analysis,neutron diffraction method,were analyzed.At present,the description of all residual stresses is not complete.The deformation caused by residual stress releasing,and the directional information contained in shear stress and residual stress state should be considered in the future.

关 键 词：残余应力 裂纹柔度法 轮廓法 钻孔应变法 X射线衍射法 中子衍射法 

分 类 号：TG115.5[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]