农户仓类设施采纳及其对玉米储存数量和损失的影响  

Household decisions on adoption of advanced storage facilities and impacts on maize storage volume and losses in China

作　　者：罗屹[1] 苗海民 黄东[1] 武拉平[1] 朱俊峰[1] LUO Yi;MIAO Haimin;HUANG Dong;WU Laping;ZHU Junfeng(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《资源科学》2020年第9期1777-1787,共11页Resources Science

基　　金：2015年度粮食行业公益性科研专项(201513004-2);国家自然科学基金项目(71973137)。

摘　　要：近年来,粮食增产难度提升,减少粮食损失成为保障国家粮食安全的重要内容。中国政府通过实施科学储粮工程,鼓励农户采用更为先进的设施储粮,改善储粮设施和储藏条件,减少损失。本文基于中国23省(区、市)1202户农户调查数据,使用倾向性得分匹配法评估仓类设施采纳对农户玉米储存规模、储存时间、储存损失和鼠害程度的影响。结果表明:①采用仓类设施显著提升农户玉米储存数量,使农户平均玉米储存规模达4655.30kg,比没有采用的农户高1188.77~1368.55 kg,并延长农户玉米储存时间0.2个季度;②采用仓类设施显著减轻玉米储存过程中的鼠害,使玉米储存损失数量降低60%,减少的损失使农民平均节约玉米28~33 kg,玉米储存损失率由2.75%下降到0.87%。因此,国家应继续实施科学储粮工程,鼓励更多的农户采用科学储粮设施,降低储粮损失。Limited by the capacity of growth of agricultural production in China in recent years,reducing postharvest losses has become an important measure to increase the food supply.For a long time,farmers store grains in their households in China for household food security,but compared with developed countries,their storage skills and facilities are limited.In order to solve this problem,the Chinese government has implemented the Scientific Grain Storage Project to improve farmers’home storage conditions and reduce the storage losses.Based on the survey data of 1202 households in 23 provinces in China,this study used the propensity score matching method to assess the impact of adopting silos and warehouses on households’maize storage volume and storage losses.The result shows that the silos and warehouses significantly increased the households’maize storage,and the average maize storage reached 4655.30 kg,which is 1188.87~1368.55 kg higher than non-adopters,and it alse extended the period of maize storage for 0.2 quarter.The advanced storage facilities also reduced the degree of rodent damage in the maize storage,reducing maize storage losses by 60%,and allowing farmers to save 28 to 33 kg of maize.Adopting the advanced facilities reduced the maize storage loss rate from 2.75% to 0.87%.From the policy perspective,the government should continue to implement scientific grain storage projects and encourage farmers to adopt advanced grain storage facilities.

关 键 词：农户储粮 储粮设施 粮食损失 倾向性得分匹配 粮食安全 中国 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F323.6