西藏特提斯喜马拉雅海相白垩纪-古近纪生物地层与重大地质事件研究进展  

A review on marine Cretaceous Paleogene biostratigraphy of and major geological events in Tibet-Tethyan Himalaya

作　　者：李国彪[1,2] 王天洋[1,2] 李新发[1,2] 牛晓路 张文苑 谢丹[3] 李阅薇 姚又嘉 李琪 马雪嵩 李兴鹏 修迪 韩子晨 赵胜楠 韩屹 薛嵩 任荣[1] 贾志霞 LI Guobiao;WANG Tianyang;LI Xinfa;NIU Xiaolu;ZHANG Wenyuan;XIE Dan;LI Yuewei;YAO Youjia;LI Qi;MA Xuesong;LI Xingpeng;XIU Di;HAN Zichen;ZHAO Shengnan;HAN Yi;XUE Song;REN Rong;JIA Zhixia(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国科学院古脊椎与古人类研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《地学前缘》2020年第6期144-164,共21页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41972031,41272030,40972026);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)子课题项目(XDB050105003);创新型研究生科研能力培养项目(2652019184);国家重点基础研究发展计划“973”项目(2012CB822001);国际地球科学计划(IGCP)项目(608,679)。

摘　　要：地质历史时期曾发过许多对生命的演化进程造成过重大影响与制约的全球性地质事件,白垩纪—古近纪就是一个重大地质事件频发的时期。随着冈瓦纳大陆在中生代时期的解体,全球海陆格局发生了根本的变化,地球的表层和岩石圈层均发生了重大的改变,由此引发了构造运动空前活跃,发生过诸如大洋缺氧事件(OAE)、大洋富氧事件(CORBs)、白垩纪/古近纪(K/Pg)生物大灭绝事件、古新世—始新世极热(PETM)事件、印度亚洲板块碰撞、新特提斯洋的演化及最终消亡等一系列的全球性重大地质事件。对这些重大地质事件的研究,有助于加深我们对古海洋、古地理、古环境的认识。尝试追踪和捕捉这些重大地质事件,恢复和重建古地理,其基础是建立精确的年代地层格架。西藏南部保存了中国最为完整的海相白垩纪—古近纪沉积,完整地记录了上述的全球性重大地质事件,通过对札达、岗巴、定日、亚东、江孜、萨嘎和吉隆等地区高分辨率浮游和底栖有孔虫、介形虫、钙质超微化石和放射虫生物地层学研究,可直接约束全球性重大地质事件发生的时间,并为重建新特提斯洋古海洋环境和古地理提供证据。此外,在重大地质环境突变期间生物的演化过程,也可为探明极端环境变化发生时期气候环境生物之间的协同演化关系提供证据。本文系统总结了课题组为主的近年来对藏南白垩纪—古近纪海相地层中微体古生物学的研究成果及重要进展,并对未来研究提出展望。The Cretaceous Paleogene is an important geological period,during which a series of major geological events occurred,including oceanic anoxic events(OAEs),Cretaceous oceanic red beds(CORBs),large igneous provinces(LIPs),Cretaceous/Paleogene biota mass extinction,Paleocene Eocene thermal maximum(PETM)as well as the collision between Indian and Asian plates,and the closing of the Neo-Tethys seaway.The study of these major geological events is helpful for gaining a better understanding of paleoceanography,paleogeography,and the paleoenvironment.Tracking and capturing these major geological events and reconstructing paleogeography requires the establishment of an accurate chronostratigraphic framework,for which paleontological study is an important tool.A set of wellpreserved marine sedimentary sequences of the Cretaceous Paleogene was discovered in southern Tibet,which well recorded the evolutionary processes of the Neo-Tethys and the India-Asia collision.Additionally,the evolutionary process of organisms during the major changes of geological environment can also provide evidence for the co-evolutionary relationships among climate,environment and biology during extreme environmental changes.In the past ten years,we conducted a systematic paleobiostratigraphic study of the Cretaceous Paleogene marine strata in south Tibet,on which this paper reviews the research progress.Detailed biostratigraphic studies of two important global oceanic anoxic events,OAE 1d and OAE 2,were carried out in Gyangze,Gamba,and Zanda.Ninety-three species of 43 radiolarians were identified and they were divided into five radiolarian zones.The radiolarian fauna was significantly affected by OAE 1d at the Albian/Cenomanian boundary and OAE 2 at the Cenomanian/Turonian(C/T)boundary.Systematic studies of the Cretaceous foraminiferal biostratigraphy were carried out in Gamba and Zanda,from which 142 species from 65 foraminiferal genera were identified and they were divided into 19 planktonic foraminiferal zones.Biostratigraphic study of the foram

关 键 词：白垩纪 古近纪 新特提斯 重大地质事件 微体古生物 生物地层 西藏南部 

分 类 号：P52[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P534.53[天文地球—地质学]