中国慈善事业七十年发展探究(1949~2019)  

A Study on the 70-Year Development of Philanthropy and Charity in the People’s Republic of China:1949-2019

作　　者：周秋光[1] 李华文[1] Zhou Qiuguang;Li Huawen

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院、慈善公益研究院

出　　处：《中国非营利评论》2020年第1期62-83,共22页China Nonprofit Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国慈善通史”(11&ZD091);中国慈善联合会“敦和·竹林计划”(2018ZLJH-02)。

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立以来,中国慈善事业从停滞沉寂到逐渐复苏,再到快速发展,继而渐趋繁荣,并在改革开放四十年中逐步进入当代转型阶段。当代中国慈善事业的全面发展,主要表现在社会捐赠大幅增长、慈善组织日渐增多、慈善活动范围扩展到社会公益领域、慈善立法工作取得突破性进展、互联网慈善异军突起等多个方面。与此同时,也面临外部困境与内在问题的双重挑战。外部困境包括行政介入过度、法律政策环境不友好、社会道德绑架、慈善供需失衡;内在问题主要表现为慈善事业的异化和发展不成熟两方面。中国慈善事业的未来走向,既要突破现有理论认识桎梏,也要完善具体实践方式,并坚持"民办官助"的方向。Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in1949,China’s philanthropy and charity has gone through a tortuous process,from stagnation to gradual recovery,to rapid development,and then to prosperity.In the four decades of China’s Reform and Opening-up,it has gradually entered the contemporary stage of transformation.The comprehensive development of philanthropy in contemporary China is mainly manifested in the following aspects:the substantial increase of social donation,the increasing number of charitable organizations,the extension of philanthropic activities to the field of social welfare,the breakthroughs in the work of charity legislation,the emergence of internet philanthropy and charity,etc.At the same time,it also faces the dual challenges of external difficulties and internal problems.External dilemmas include undue administrative intervention,unfavorable legal and policy environment,kidnapping of social morality and imbalance between charity supply and demand.The internal problems are mainly manifested in the alienation and immature development of philanthropy.For the future of philanthropy and charity in China,we should not only break the shackles of the existing theoretical constraints,but also improve the practices and methods in our work,and adhere to the principle of"private sector playing the leading role while the government the supporting role".

关 键 词：新中国慈善事业 历史进程 发展成绩 现实困境 未来路径 

分 类 号：D632.9[政治法律—政治学]