从唐后期(公元780-880年)的政变看待宰相对宦官的态度  

Seeing the Attitudes of Prime Ministers to the Eunuchs from the coup in the Late Tang Dynasty(780-880)

作　　者：王浩淼 WANG Haomiao(School of History and Tourism,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《文山学院学报》2020年第5期47-52,共6页Journal of Wenshan University

摘　　要：随着社会格局的变化,新的局势和矛盾刺激了唐政府,唐政府扩大使职差遣后,宦官、宰相、藩镇形成了互相牵制的平衡机制,永贞改革和甘露之变的发生标志着在“求速进者”恿动下,力图稳定三方关系的不仅仅是皇帝,宰相和诸多宦官也在力图保身的前提下极力稳定三方局势。在现在人眼中,唐朝中后期的宰相与宦官长期处于敌对状态,他们依据的仅仅是二王八司马等具有鲜明特点的历史事件,本文试从两次政变的特点来浅析宰相对宦官的态度,认为总体上宦官和宰相不存在尖锐冲突和矛盾,个别宰相的主动进攻与宦官的被动进攻也只是为了在被动环境下力求平衡发展。因此在整个唐后期,个别宰相由于受到皇帝请求或出于自身目的,采取了一些制衡宦官策略,大部分宰相却竭力与宦官合作,力求稳定局势以及使其在朋党中有宦官作为外援。因此处理宦官问题是点,而与宦官保持合作是段,点不能推翻段。同时大力赞同低职位出身的官员的几次关于宦官的改革,他们的目的和一般宰相截然不一样。With the change of social pattern,the new situation and contradictions stimulated the Tang government.After the expansion of the post of the Tang government,eunuchs,prime ministers and Fanzhen formed a balanced mechanism of mutual restraint.The Yongzhen Reform and the Ganlu Change marked that it was not only the emperor who tried to stabilize the tripartite relationship,but also the prime ministers and many eunuchs who tried to protect themselves under the instigation of the"speed-seekers".Efforts should be made to stabilize the tripartite situation.In people's eyes,the prime ministers and eunuchs in the middle and late Tang Dynasty were in a long-term hostile state.They were only based on historical events with distinct characteristics,such as the Two King and Eight Sima.This paper tries to analyze the attitude of the prime ministers towards the eunuchs from the characteristics of the two coups.It is believed that there are no sharp conflicts and contradictions between the eunuchs and the prime ministers in general,and that the initiative attack of individual prime ministers and the passive attack of the eunu is only to strive for balanced development in a passive environment.Therefore,in the late Tang Dynasty,individual prime ministers adopted some strategies of checking and balancing eunuchs at the request of the emperor or for their own purposes.Most of them tried to cooperate with eunuchs in order to stabilize the situation and made them have eunuchs as foreign aid in their friends.Therefore,dealing with eunuchs is a point,and keeping cooperation with eunuchs is a paragraph,which can not be overturned.At the same time,this paper strongly endorses several reforms of eunuchs by officials of low rank,whose aims are quite different from those of common prime ministers.

关 键 词：永贞改革 甘露之变 宦官 宰相 党争 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学]