基于时谱信号分析的在轨空间目标姿态感知  

Attitude awareness of on-orbit space object based on analysis of time-series spectral signals

作　　者：谭凡教[1] 苏金宇 侯晴宇[1] 王佳轩 王一惠[1] Tan Fan-Jiao;Su Jin-Yu;Hou Qing-Yu;Wang Jia-Xuan;Wang Yi-Hui(Research Center for Space Optical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学,空间光学工程研究中心,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《物理学报》2020年第21期45-56,共12页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61705052)资助的课题.

摘　　要：为了在天基远距离条件下估计空间目标的姿态参数,提出了基于时序光谱信号分级求解目标表面参数及姿态参数的方法.第一级,在三轴稳定状态下将空间目标等效为“双面模型”,引入双向反射分布函数(bidirectional reflectance distribution function,BRDF)的多级融合模型表征复杂材料的光谱反射特性,基于时谱信号与时谱信号模型对双面光谱BRDF与面积乘积进行重构.第二级,为了抑制双面耦合特性对姿态估计的影响,构建双面特性分离度,并基于该度量最大化实现光谱波段优选.第三级,构建目标姿态运动状态下的时序光谱信号模型,以模型值与观测值之间的误差为目标函数,利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对姿态参数进行估计.仿真表明,该方法更适用于方形本体的目标,且反演误差会随相位角和探测器噪声的增大而增大,在信噪比SNR≥10条件下反演误差在2%以内.In order to estimate the attitude parameters of space objects under the condition of space-based longdistance observation,a hierarchical solving method based on the time-series spectral signal is proposed to estimate the parameters of surface reflection characteristics and the attitude of the space objects.The first step is to let the space object in three-axis stabilization state be equivalent to a two-facet model.Then multi-level fusion model of bidirectional reflectance distribution function(BRDF)is introduced to describe the spectral reflection characteristics of complex material surfaces.Based on the time-series spectral signal and its model,the product of area and spectral BRDF of the two-facet can be reconstructed.The second step is to set up the two-facet characteristic difference model to select the optimum wavelength based on the maximum of the difference thereby minimizing the influence of coupling characteristics on of the two-facet on attitude estimate.The third step is to construct the time-series spectral signal model under the change of object attitude.The objective function is defined as the error between the model data and the measured data,then the attitude parameter can be estimated using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.The simulation result shows that the method is more suitable for the object with cube body,and the error between inversion value and real value will increase as the phase angle and the detector noise increase.When signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to 10,the inversion error is within 2%.

关 键 词：空间目标 姿态估计 时谱信号 可见光 双向反射分布函数 

分 类 号：V525[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]