X波段高重频长脉冲高功率多注相对论速调管放大器的设计与实验研究  

Design and experiment of X-band high-repetition rate highpower multi-beam relativistic klystron amplifier

作　　者：刘振帮[1] 黄华[1] 金晓[1] 王腾钫 李士锋 Liu Zhen-Bang;Huang Hua;Jin Xiao;Wang Teng-Fang;Li Shi-Feng(Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory,Institute of Applied Electronics,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所,高功率微波技术重点实验室,绵阳621900

出　　处：《物理学报》2020年第21期341-347,共7页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：高功率微波技术重点实验室基金(批准号:6142605180203)资助的课题.

摘　　要：多注相对论速调管放大器向工程化和实用化方向发展,需要进一步提高其工作重频和使用寿命.针对高功率多注相对论速调管放大器在输出腔间隙电子束换能后,会出现电子返流轰击输出腔表面,以及输出腔间隙电场过高产生射频击穿导致输出腔表面出现烧蚀的问题,本文分析了强流相对论电子束在器件中的返流过程,在此基础上设计了四间隙扩展互作用提取结构以避免电子返流和降低间隙电场,并提高器件工作寿命.同时针对高工作频段高过模器件中常规水冷却通道会影响输出微波模式的问题,设计了同轴TEM模-扇形TE10模-同轴TEM模-圆波导TM01模的模式变换结构,模式转换效率大于99.9%,避免了收集极水冷却通道对输出微波模式的影响,以提高器件工作重频.在重频45 Hz工作条件下,实验实现X波段长脉冲GW级高功率微波稳定输出,器件累计运行约10000次,输出微波参数无明显下降.The relativistic klystron amplifier(RKA)is a very important kind of high power microwave device,which has the advantages of high power,high efficiency,stable output phase and amplitude.The development of multi-injection RKA toward engineering and practical application needs to further improve operating frequency and output power of klystron amplifier,while the RKA of conventional circular waveguide drift tubes is restricted by the physical factors such as geometric size,space charge force and high-voltage breakdown.The multi-beam RKA based on the technology of multiple electron beams can work at low voltage and guiding magnetic field,and can also possess high electron beam current and diversion coefficient.The physical limitation of conventional structure RKA is overcome,and the working frequency and the output power are improved.In the experiment,the X-band GW level power of microwave is obtained.The multi-beam RKA needs to further improve its working frequency and working life.In the experiment,the power conversion efficiency of multi-beam RKA is about 35%,and most of the remaining electron energy will accumulate on the collection pole at the end.If the heat dissipation of the collector is not designed appropriately,the collection will be seriously ablated when working at high heavy frequency.Thus a large quantity of plasma and secondary electrons are generated,which affects the stability of the device.To solve the problem of electron reflux bombarding the output cavity after electron beam exchanging energy in the gap of output cavity,the reflux process of relativistic electron beam in the device is analyzed in this paper.On this basis,a coaxial extraction structure with four-gap extension interaction is designed to avoid electron reflux and reduce the gap electric field,thus improving the working life of the device.At the same time,in order to solve the problem that the conventional water cooling channel can affect the output microwave mode in a high-frequency over-mode device,a mode transformation structure o

关 键 词：相对论速调管放大器 X波段 长脉冲 高重频 

分 类 号：TN722[电子电信—电路与系统]