“采集民族志”在中国的实践——以吴泽霖、林惠祥为中心的考察  

Practice of“Collecting Ethnography”in China--An Investigation Centered on Wu Zelin and Lin Huixiang

作　　者：张福强 高红[3] ZHANG Fuqiang;GAO Hong

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学民族学学院 [2]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,银川750021 [3]中南民族大学图书馆,武汉430074

出　　处：《湖北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期98-105,共8页Journal of Hubei Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences

基　　金：北方民族大学2020年校级科研项目“1949-1966年中国马克思主义民族学研究的成就、特点与启示”(2020XYSMZ07);中南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“吴泽霖研究的文献搜集与整理”(CSY18149)。

摘　　要：吴泽霖与林惠祥系中国民族学人类学的前辈,民族文物事业贯穿着他们一生的学术研究,其成就被广为赞誉。他们不约而同地把文物采集展览置于民族学人类学学科关怀之下,民族学博物馆成为“采集民族志”的理想归属,为其赋予了丰厚的理论意涵和时代价值。林惠祥的采集实践更多强调文化史构建,探讨族群的亲缘关系;吴泽霖则试图以“物化”形式来表达他的“平等”理念,从而促进跨文化交流。他们的这种分异代表着中国民族学史上“采集民族志”的两种取向,在杨成志等民族学家的采集实践中也有体现。但不管差异如何,用采集民族标本的形式来呈现文化的多样性、进行民族知识的建构,是当时诸多学者的一个共相。实际上,学者们的标本采集实践与民族志书写有着同样的学术诉求,只不过前者用实物的形式体现,而后者用文字书写的形式体现,殊途同归。即所谓“采集民族志”,它与影像的民族志、文字的民族志等共同表达边陲文化,建构民族知识,都是探寻文化模式的重要手段。Wu Zelin and Lin Huixiang are the forerunners of Chinese ethnology and anthropology.They have devoted their lives to national cultural relics in their academic research,and have made achievements that are widely praised.They unanimously placed the collection and exhibition of cultural relics under the care of anthropology.The museum of ethnology has become the ultimate ideal belonging to“collecting ethnography”,which has given it rich theoretical meaning and contemporary value.Lin Huixiang’s collection practice emphasizes the construction of cultural history and explores the kinship of ethnic groups,while Wu Zelin tries to express his“equality”concept in the form of“materialization”,thereby promoting cross-cultural communication.Their differentiation represents the two orientations of“collecting ethnography”in the history of Chinese ethnology,and it is also reflected in the collection practice of ethnologists such as Yang Chengzhi.Regardless of the differences,it was a common feature of many scholars at that time to use the form of collecting ethnic specimens to present cultural diversity and construct ethnic knowledge.In fact,scholars’specimen collection practices have the same academic demands as ethnographic writing,except that the former is embodied in the form of physical objects,while the latter is embodied in the form of written words,which achieves the same goal by a different route.The so-called“collecting ethnography”,the image ethnography and the written ethnography jointly express the frontier culture and construct knowledge about the nation,thus they are all important means to explore cultural patterns.

关 键 词：吴泽霖 林惠祥 民族博物馆 标本采集 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]