开发区企业存在生产率优势吗?——基于开发区升格政策的准自然实验  

Does the Enterprises of Development Zones Have Productivity Advantages?Based on a Quasi-experiment of the Upgrading Policy of Development Zones

作　　者：柴泽阳 孔令丞[1] CHAI Ze-yang;KONG Ling-cheng(School of Business,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学商学院,上海200237

出　　处：《经济管理》2020年第10期59-76,共18页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点课题“全球贸易新形势下我国制造业转型升级路径与对策研究”(20AJY008);国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于绿色全产业链的产业与企业转型升级研究”(15ZDB161)。

摘　　要：开发区升格作为一种外部制度环境的变动,通过政策比较优势对企业产生重要影响。文章利用2005—2013年的中国工业企业数据,以2009年启动的省级开发区升格政策为准自然实验,利用双重差分法考察了升格政策对开发区企业生产率的影响,并深入探究了政策效果的异质性及其根源。研究发现:(1)开发区升格政策整体上并未促进区内企业生产率的提升。异质性检验表明,29.41%的开发区升格为正向政策效果,19.12%的开发区升格为负向政策效果,51.47%无显著影响。(2)开发区升格伴随的企业更替是导致政策效果差异的根源,具有高效率、成长型企业进入以及低效率企业退出特征的开发区升格会促进企业生产率增长;而具有低效率企业涌入特征的开发区升格会抑制企业生产率增长;具有非成长型企业进入特征的开发区升格对企业生产率无显著影响。(3)升格政策为正向效果的地区,其政府效率和市场化水平相对较高,有利于形成优胜劣汰的选择效应。本文的研究发现为地方政府推动开发区体制机制创新,实现地区经济高效率、高质量发展提供了参考依据。As a change of external institutional environment,the upgrading policy of development zones has an important influence on enterprises through policy comparative advantage.A large number of literatures have shown that the policies of development zones can influence the productivity of enterprises through agglomeration effect and selection effect.However,most of them has focused on the assessment of the establishment of development zones in the early,or confuse the establishment of development zones with the upgrading of development zones.In view of this,this paper makes a distinction between the establishment of development zones and the upgrading of development zones,and focuses on the research on the impact of upgrading of development zones on enterprise productivity,and deeply explores the heterogeneity of policy effect and the reasons for the policy differences.In the theoretical research part,based on the footloose capital(FC)model,this paper deduces that heterogeneous enterprise migration will result in the difference of enterprise productivity in different regions under the condition of region preference difference.Within the framework of this theoretical model,this article holds that the influence of upgrading policy on enterprise productivity in development zones is of regional heterogeneity,and the reason for the difference in policy effect is that the development zones have different preferences for enterprise productivity.Based on theoretical research,a difference-in-differences(DID)approach is used to analyze the effect of upgrading policy on enterprise productivity to verify the theoretical hypothesis.The results show that,on the whole,the upgrading policy of development zones on enterprise productivity in the observation period is negative.However,this result does not indicate that the promotion policy of development zones in all regions has a negative impact.Therefore,this paper further studies the heterogeneity of promotion policy effect in development zones.The heterogeneity test shows that 29.41

关 键 词：开发区升格 企业更替 企业生产率 双重差分 

分 类 号：F420[经济管理—产业经济]