水稻回交群体农艺性状的遗传变异及产量分析  

Genetic Variation of Agronomic Traits and Yield of Rice Backcross Population

作　　者：田蓉蓉 白天亮 马帅国 吕建东 胡慧 朱春艳 李杰 王震宇 田蕾 李培富 TIAN Rongrong;BAI Tianliang;MA Shuaiguo;LÜJiandong;HU Hui;ZHU Chunyan;LI Jie;WANG Zhenyu;TIAN Lei;LI Peifu(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University/Ningxia Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Characteristic Crops,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院/宁夏优势特色作物现代分子育种重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第11期10-18,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760374);宁夏农业育种专项(2018NYYZ0302)。

摘　　要：为了解水稻生长发育过程中农艺性状的遗传变异及其对单株产量的影响,利用Bertone和越光为亲本构建回交群体,对群体株高、穗长、茎基粗、剑叶长、剑叶宽、单株分蘖数、单株有效穗数、单穗质量和单株产量9个性状进行测定。结果表明,上述9个性状均呈连续性变异,单株产量和单穗质量在2个回交群体中均表现出较高的变异;单株产量与单株分蘖数、单株有效穗数和单穗质量均呈极显著正相关,与株高、茎基粗均呈显著正相关。通过主成分分析将9个性状转换为5个主成分,累计贡献率为88.980%;结合主成分和逐步回归分析获得了单株产量、单穗质量、单株有效穗数、株高和剑叶长5个关键性状指标;通径分析发现,单穗质量对单株产量的直接作用最大,上述5个关键指标对单株产量的间接作用较小。遗传方差分析发现,不同性状的遗传方差分量组成差异很大,且不同分量占总方差的比例也不同,显性与环境互作方差是回交群体中主要的遗传方差来源。In order to understand the genetic variation of agronomic traits in the development of rice and its impact on yield per plant,Bertone and Koshihikari were used as parents to construct a backcross population,and plant height,panicle length,basal culm diameter,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,tiller number per plant,number of effective panicles per plant,single panicle weight and yield per plant were measured.The results showed that the above 9 traits all showed continuous variation,and the yield per plant and single panicle weight showed higher variation in the two backcross generations;the yield per plant was extremely significantly positively correlated with the tiller number per plant,number of effective panicles per plant and single panicle weight,and significantly positively correlated with plant height and basal culm diameter.Through principal component analysis,9 traits were converted into 5 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate was 88.980%.Principal components and stepwise regression analysis results showed that 5 key traits were obtained,which were yield per plant,single panicle weight,number of effective panicles per plant,plant height and flag leaf length.Path analysis results showed that the single panicle weight had the greatest direct effect on the yield per plant,and the above 5 key indicators had a smaller indirect effect on the yield per plant.Analysis of genetic variance found that the composition of genetic variance components of different traits were very different,and the proportions of different components to the total variance were also different.The dominant and environmental interaction variance was the main source of genetic variance in the backcross population.

关 键 词：水稻 回交群体 农艺性状 产量 主成分分析 通径分析 遗传方差 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]