公众应急素养水平及其影响因素的现状研究  

Research on the status quo of public emergency literacy level and its influencing factors

作　　者：刘泽 费洁 宁良文 牛金玉 陈超亿 毕雪晶 吴群红[1] 宋铁[2] 孙唯[3] 郝艳华[1] LIU Ze;FEI Jie;NING Liangwe;NIU Jiny;CHEN Chaoyi;BI Xuejing;Wu Qunhong;SONG Tie;SUN Wei;HAO Yanhua(School of Health Management,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广东广州511400 [3]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610044

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2020年第10期1254-1258,1262,共6页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:71673072,71173064);黑龙江省公共健康安全及医改策略研究高端智库、智库项目(编号:18ZK010);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(编号:16EDC03)。

摘　　要：目的 了解公众应急素养水平及其影响因素,为制定应急素养提升策略和措施提供依据.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,在四川、广东、黑龙江三省开展问卷调查,按照调查地区性别、年龄、职业和城镇人口统计学数据确定调查样本的人口学特征进行比例抽样,共发放问卷2545份,回收有效问卷2506份.结果 公众应急素养水平总体均分为(16.07±3.78)(总分为26分),其中火灾知识得分最高(3.53±0.83),最低的是心肺复苏技能(1.94±1.11).公众最主要通过电视(85.2%)获取应急素养信息,最少使用的是杂志(12.2%).层次逻辑回归结果显示:公众基本情况、社会经济地位、人际传播和群体传播、媒介因素这4类因素能够分别解释公众应急素养的贡献率分别为7.3%、11.4%、4.9%和2.1%,其中居住地类型、文化、收入、职业、人际传播、培训、演练和搜索引擎对公众应急素养的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 公众应急素养水平有待于进一步提高,建议加强宣传力度,培养公众提高应急素养的意识;发挥新老媒体在传播应急知识中的效用;构建以社区为中心、以提升应急技能为导向的应急培训和演练体系.Objective To understand the public emergency literaey level and its influeneing factors,and to provide a ba-sis for the formulation of emergency literacy promotion strategies and measures.Methods from April to September 2015,stratified cluster sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in Sichuan,Guangdong and Heilongjiang provinces.EpiData3.02 software was used to create the database,and SPSS24.0 sofware was used for descriptive analy-sis,chi-square test and AHP.Results the overall public emergency literacy level was(16.07±3.78)(26 points),among which the fire knowledge score was the highest(3.53±0.83)and the lowest(1.94±1.11).The public received the most emergency literacy information through television(85.2%),and the least use of magazines(12.2%).Hierarchical logis-tic regression results show that the public basic situation,social economic status,interpersonal communication and group communication,new media these 4 kinds of factors can explain the public accomplishment of emergency contri-bution rates were 7.3%,11.4%,4.9%and 2.1%respectively,the habital types,culture,income,occupation,interper-sonal communication,training,drills and search engines are the influence factors of the public emergency literacy.Conclusion The public emergency literacy level needs to be further improved.It is suggested to strengthen publicity and cultivate public awareness of emergency literacy.Give play to the utility of new and old media in spreading emer-gency literacy knowledge;Build a community-centered emergency training and exercise system oriented to improving emergency response skills.

关 键 词：公众 应急素养 应急管理 影响因素 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]