《论语》《孟子》天文学知识与汉注等之谬  

On the Astronomy Knowledge of The Analects&Mencius and Mistakes of Annotation in Han Dynasty

作　　者：林桂榛 Lin Guizhen

机构地区：[1]青岛黄海学院 [2]琅琊康成书院

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2020年第6期70-76,共7页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“《尚书》学研究”(18ZDA245)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《论语》"吾岂匏瓜也哉,焉能系而不食"的匏瓜非指植物性的匏瓜,乃是天上星名。"天之历数在尔躬,允执其中"之"中"非后儒所谓"中庸"或"无过不及之名"之"中",乃观日测影之标杆即表槷。《孟子》"五百年必有王者兴"的信念来源于星占,来源于五百年五星一聚会的天象以及对该天象的吉兆信仰。《荀子》批判的思孟学派"五行"乃是参照原始天道历数之五行而创立的人间德性五行说,并强调仁义礼智圣五德乃人性本有,强调仁义礼智圣在天,且沟通天人主要在圣、诚之德。Confucius’sentence"吾岂匏瓜也哉,焉能系而不食"in the Analects,the word"匏瓜"is not gourd asa plant,it’s a name of the constellation in the sky.Confucius’sentence"天之历数在尔躬,允执其中"in the Analects,the word"中"is not the meaning of Zhongyong(中庸)or"just right(恰到好处)"of the post Confucianism,it’s abenchmark or ruler for observing the shadow of the sun.Mencius’sentence"五百年必有王者兴"in the Mencius,itsidea comes from astrology,from the five stars and one gathering in five hundred years,from an auspicious belief in it.Xunzi criticized the"Wuxing(五行)"of Si-meng school,it is based on"Wuxing(五行)"of the original astronomicalcalendar and established the ethical virtue of"Wuxing(五行)"theory.Si-meng school emphasized that the five virtuesof benevolence,righteousness,propriety,wisdom and sageness are the virtues of human nature and heaven,and thatman is mainly in the virtue of holiness and sincerity.

关 键 词：匏瓜 中 圭尺 星占 五行 

分 类 号：K852[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] B22[历史地理—历史学]