2017-2018年青海省玛沁县人群棘球蚴病患病和防治知识知晓情况调查  

A survey on the prevalence and knowledge awareness of human echinococcosis in residents in Maqin County of Qinghai Province in 2017-2018

作　　者：马霄[1] 张雪飞[1] 雷雯[1] 马俊英[1] 刘佳[1] 蔡辉霞[1] 王威[1] 詹培珍 樊海宁[2] 张静宵[1] 刘玉芳[1] 刘娜[1] 王永顺[1] 张青 赵存哲 张雄英[1] 史可梅 刘培运[1] 旦措 长梅 MA Xiao;ZHANG Xue-fei;LEI Wen;MA Jun-ying;LIU Jia;CAI Hui-xia;WANG Wei;ZHAN Pei-zhen;FANG Hai-ning;ZHANG Jing-xiao;LIU Yu-fang;LIU Na;WANG Yong-shun;ZHANG Qing;ZHAO Cun-zhe;ZHANG Xiong-ying;SHI Ke-mei;LIU Pei-yun;DAN Cuo;CHANG Mei(Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining 811602,China;Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital,Xining 810000,China;Maqin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Maqin 814000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所,西宁811602 [2]青海大学附属医院,西宁810000 [3]玛沁县疾病预防控制中心,玛沁814000

出　　处：《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2020年第5期619-624,共6页Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases

基　　金：青海省科技厅重大科技专项(No.2016-SF-A5)。

摘　　要：目的了解青海省玛沁县人群棘球蚴病患病情况及棘球蚴病防治知识知晓情况。方法 2017-2018年在玛沁县6个乡和2个镇采用整群随机抽样的方法对2岁以上常住居民进行B超检查,计算人群棘球蚴病检出率;对四年级以上的小学生和当地居民随机开展现场问卷调查,计算人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率。率的比较采用卡方检验。结果B超检查共36 705人,检出患者433例,检出率为1.18%(433/36 705);2017年、2018年分别发放问卷485份和436份,棘球蚴病知晓率分别为89.69%(435/485)和91.74%(400/436)。女性棘球蚴病检出率为1.58%(280/17 746),高于男性的0.81%(153/18 959)(P <0.01)。人群棘球蚴病检出率随年龄段增高而增加,≥70岁人群的检出率为2.63%(38/1 446)。各职业人群中以牧民检出率最高,为2.56%(406/15 831);干部检出率最低,为0.06%(4/6 844)。不同文化程度以文盲人群棘球蚴病检出率最高,为3.15%(235/7 466);大学文化人群棘球蚴病检出率最低,为0.03%(2/5 995)。居住方式中以游牧人群棘球蚴病检出率最高,为4.67%(107/2 290)。不同地区中,以优云乡人群棘球蚴病检出率最高,为7.67%(95/1 238)。不同性别、年龄组、职业、文化程度、居住方式及地区间人群棘球蚴病检出率的差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。两年人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率分析结果显示,不同职业人群中以牧民知晓率最低,分别为66.33%(65/98)和79.34%(96/121);干部知晓率最高,分别为98.89%(89/90)和98.77%(80/81)。不同文化程度中以小学知晓率最低,分别为78.77%(141/179)和86.08%(167/194);本科知晓率最高,分别为98.80%(90/91)和98.77%(80/81)。不同职业、文化程度间人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率的差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论玛沁县棘球蚴病防治形势依然严峻,人群患病检出率为1.18%,人群棘球蚴病防治知晓率虽有所提高,但在今后的防治过程中仍需以牧民为重点防治人群,加大Objective To understand the status of infection and knowledge of human echinococcosis prevention in Maqin County of Qinghai Province.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select permanent residents at age over 2 years from 6 townships and 2 towns in Maqin County for B-ultrasound examination during 2017-2018 to calculate the prevalence rate of echinococcosis in the population.A questionnaire survey was performed randomly among local residents and schoolchildren of fourth grade and higher to estimate the awareness rate of knowledge on echinococcosis control.The estimated rates were compared using Chi-square test.Results A total of 36705 residents were examined by B ultrasound scanning,and 433 were found of echinococcosis,with a prevalence rate of 1.18%(433/36705).In 2017 and 2018,485 and 436 questionnaires were distributed,respectively,which revealed awareness rate of echinococcosis knowledge of 89.69%and 91.74%,respectively.The prevalence of echinococcosis in females(1.58%,280/17746)was higher than that in males(0.81%,153/18959)(P<0.01).The prevalence showed a trend of increase with age,with the age group of≥70 years being the highest(2.63%,38/1446).Among all occupation groups,the prevalence rate was highest(2.56%)in herdsmen,and lowest(0.06%)in officials.Among educational levels,the echinococcosis prevalence was highest(3.15%,235/7466)in the illiter-ates,followed by the primary school level(1.30%,183/14033),and the lowest in group with the university education(0.03%,2/5995).As to the residing patterns,the nomads had the highest prevalence of echinococcosis(4.67%,107/2290).The prevalence was found highest in Youyun Township(7.67%,95/1238).It was noted that the prevalence difference between males and females,age groups,occupations,educational levels,residing patterns and geographical locations was statistically significant(P<0.05).In 2017 and 2018,the knowledge awareness rate of echinococcosis prevention and control was lowest in herdsmen(66.33%,65/98;79.34%,96/121),and highest in officials(98.89%,

关 键 词：青海 玛沁 棘球蚴病 知晓 调查 

分 类 号：R532.32[医药卫生—内科学]