PCR-SSP法在ABO 疑难血型鉴定中的临床应用  

Clinical application of PCR-SSP in case of ABO serologic discrepancies

作　　者：吴穗[1] 和苗[2] 董伟群[1] WU Sui;HE Miao;DONG Weiqun(De-partment of Blood Transfusion,the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650032,China;Yun-nan Provincial Cancer Hospital)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学第一附属医院输血科,云南昆明650032 [2]云南省肿瘤医院

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2020年第7期657-660,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2012Y020)。

摘　　要：目的应用PCR-SSP法对临床ABO疑难血型的标本做血型基因的检测,为临床准确、快速的确认患者血型提供依据和实验室检测方法,保障输血的安全性和有效性。方法从本院临床科室2016年1月—2017年2月,送检输血科经常规血清学检测为疑难血型的标本中,选择典型的20例,采用PCR-SSP法作ABO基因分型,根据基因分型的结果,结合血清学的反应格局,分析正反定型不符产生的原因和提出处理对策。结果 20例ABO疑难血型通过PCR-SSP方法确证了其中5例为亚型,其余的15例血型基因表达正常而血清学难以判断的原因是由于疾病、多次输血等原因,造成抗原或抗体减弱或增多所致。通过检出的基因型证实了相应基因的存在并得以最终确定血型。结论 PCR-SSP方法用于临床ABO疑难血型,能在较短时间内,对血清学无法判别的疑难血型做出准确的定型。Objective To perform PCR-SSP for clinical ABO serologic discrepancies as an approach to provide accurate and rapid clinical confirmation of patients′blood groups,so as to ensure the safety and efficacy of blood transfusion.Methods 20 typical cases with ABO serologic discrepancies by routine blood typing from January 2016 to February 2017 in our hospital were selected and subjected to molecular genetic blood group typing based on PCR-SSP.The causes and treatment of each case were analyzed according to the genotyping results combined with the reaction pattern of serologic typing.Results Among the 20 typical cases with ABO serologic discrepancies,which were frequently encountered in the daily work of Blood Transfusion Departments,5 cases were confirmed to be subtypes by PCR-SSP and the remaining 15 cases had normal gene expression but weakened antigen determinants due to diseases or multiple blood transfusions.The genetic blood group typing confirmed the presence of the corresponding genes and allowed the final determination of ABO blood group.Conclusion The PCR-SSP method,which can be finished in less time from DNA extraction to the interpretation of genetic amplification results,enables the determination of weak,unexpected and unclear findings by ABO serologic typing.

关 键 词：ABO血型 PCR-SSP 血型基因分型 血清学检测 正反定型不符 疑难血型 

分 类 号：R457.11[医药卫生—治疗学] Q503[医药卫生—临床医学]