历史唯物主义法学原理中的“建筑隐喻”  

The“Architectural Metaphor”in the Legal Principles of Historical Materialism

作　　者：姚远[1,2,3] Yao Yuan

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院暨中国法治现代化研究院 [2]国家“2011计划”·司法文明协同创新中心 [3]江苏高校区域法治发展协同创新中心

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2020年第6期199-221,共23页Law and Social Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“马克思法律思想的法国渊源研究”(17BFX161)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思在关于历史唯物主义法学原理的经典论述中,采用了"建筑隐喻"的表述("基础"和"上层建筑")。马克思对隐喻这一修辞形式的钟爱,与他的美学背景有关,也与隐喻本身的特性和施教效果有关。"建筑隐喻"在马克思1859年之前的文本中多有先例可循。他笔下的"上层建筑"一词没有固定的所指,不能就其本身获得理解,只是特定关系中的隐喻措辞,不可对其进行单独定义。在马克思熟悉的卢梭、圣西门、黑格尔的文献以及某些经济学文献中,可以找到他的"建筑隐喻"的直接灵感来源。从建筑的施工的客观限制、结构和功能、规划和变更、外在目的等角度,重新阐释历史唯物主义法学原理可能涵盖的思想内容,有助于我们在不引入新隐喻的条件下有效回应基于经济决定论命题、还原论命题、结构分立命题、工具论-意志论命题和静止性命题的指责。Karl Marx’s classical expression of the legal principles of historical materialism adopts an"architectural metaphor".This preference for the rhetorical form of metaphor is associated with his background of aesthetics,and also relates to the characteristic of metaphor and the educational effects.The"architectural metaphor"can be traced to Marx’s earlier texts.His term"superstructure"has no fixed reference,and is only a metaphorical word within a determined relationship,therefore cannot be understood or defined in itself.The"architectural metaphor"has its direct sources in Rousseau,Saint-Simon,Hegal as well as some economists,with whom Marx is very familiar.To reinterpret the possible intellectual meanings of the legal principles of historical materialism from perspectives such as the objective limitations of construction,structure and function,planning and alteration,and external goals,would help to respond effectively to criticisms based on the thesis of economical determinism,the thesis of reductionism,the thesis of structural separation,the thesis of instrumentalism,and the thesis of stillness.

关 键 词：马克思 历史唯物主义法学原理 建筑隐喻 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]