不同类型水稻品种产量和氮素吸收利用对大气CO2浓度升高响应的差异  

Differences in Response of Grain Yield,Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization to Elevated CO2 Concentration in Different Rice Varieties

作　　者：周娟 舒小伟 赖上坤 许高平[1,3] 黄建晔 姚友礼 杨连新 董桂春 王余龙 ZHOU Juan;SHU Xiaowei;LAI Shangkun;XU Gaoping;HUANG Jianye;YAO Youli;Yang Lianxin;DONG Guichun;WANG Yulong(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of Ministry of Agriculture/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Suqian Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian 223800,China;Crop Research Institute,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300112,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所,江苏宿迁223800 [3]天津市农业科学院农作物研究所,天津300112

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2020年第6期561-573,共13页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目(31571608);江苏省农业自主创新项目[CX(18)1002];农业部农业重大技术协同推广计划点项目(2020-SJ-047-03);江苏省重点研究计划科技成果转化专项资金资助项目(BA2016173,202350040);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同类型水稻品种产量和氮素吸收利用对FACE(大气CO2浓度增高)响应的差异。【方法】以常规粳稻、杂交籼稻、常规籼稻共6个品种为供试材料,研究FACE对不同类型水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响。【结果】1)FACE处理极显著提高了水稻产量,平均增加24.17%,常规籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以杂交籼稻最高;2)FACE处理显著增加了单位面积穗数,常规粳稻增幅最大,并显著增加了杂交籼稻和常规籼稻每穗粒数;3)FACE处理显著提高了成熟期吸氮量和氮素籽粒生产效率,成熟期吸氮量平均增加21.23%,杂交籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以常规籼稻最高;氮素籽粒生产效率平均增加7.33%,杂交籼稻增幅最大,FACE和对照均以杂交籼稻最高。成熟期吸氮量对产量促进作用略大于成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率;4)FACE处理降低了植株含氮率,成熟期平均下降0.105个百分点,常规粳稻降幅最大。FACE处理极显著提高植株干物质量,成熟期平均增加23.95%,常规籼稻增幅最大;FACE处理显著提高常规籼稻和杂交籼稻成熟期单穗吸氮量,分别增加10.79%、13.93%,但常规粳稻下降了9.60%;FACE处理显著提高了成熟期群体吸氮强度,平均增加22.29%,杂交籼稻增幅最大。FACE处理对水稻全生育期天数无显著影响;FACE处理显著提高茎鞘、叶片、穗各器官吸氮量,叶片增幅最大,平均增加51.86%,杂交籼稻增幅最大;FACE处理显著提高了不同生育阶段吸氮量,抽穗-成熟阶段增幅最大,平均增加108.90%,杂交籼稻增幅最大;5)植株干物质量、单穗吸氮量、吸氮强度、穗吸氮量、抽穗-成熟阶段吸氮量对成熟期总吸氮量的促进作用分别大于植株含氮率、单位面积穗数、生育天数、茎鞘叶吸氮量、移栽-分蘖和分蘖-抽穗阶段吸氮量;6)FACE处理显著提高了氮肥偏生产力,降低了每百千克籽粒需氮量,前者平均增加24.16%,常规籼稻增加最多;后�【Objective】Our aim is to investigate the differences in response of grain yield,nitrogen absorption and utilization to FACE(atmospheric CO2 concentration increase)of different rice varieties.【Method】Six rice varieties,including conventional japonica rice,hybrid indica rice,and conventional indica rice,were used to study the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment(FACE)(atmospheric CO2 concentration increase)on the nitrogen absorption,utilization,and yield of different types of rice.【Result】1)FACE treatment dramatically increased rice yield by 24.17%on average and the maximum increment was observed in conventional indica rice.Compared with other types of rice varieties,hybrid indica showed the highest grain yield under both FACE and control(CK)treatments.2)Panicle number was significantly improved in FACE treatment with conventional japonica rice varieties having the maximum increment.Spikelet number per panicle was significantly improved in hybrid and conventional indica rice varieties in FACE treatment.3)The nitrogen absorption(NA)and nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield(NUEg)were significantly higher in FACE treatment than those in CK treatment.The average increase of NA was 21.23%with the maximum increment in hybrid indica rice varieties.Compared with other rice varieties,conventional indica rice varieties had the highest NA both in FACE and CK treatments.The average increase of NUEg was 7.33%with hybrid indica rice varieties enjoying the maximum increment.The hybrid indica rice varieties had the highest NUEg in FACE treatment and in CK treatment,respectively.4)Nitrogen content was decreased in FACE treatment with the average decrease of 0.105%,among which the maximum decrease was observed in conventional japonica rice.Dry matter weight was extremely and significantly increased in FACE treatment.The average increase of dry weight was 23.95%with the maximum increment in conventional indica rice varieties.NA of single panicle was significantly improved in FACE treatment with the average increase of 10.

关 键 词：CO2浓度增高 水稻 品种类型 产量 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] S511.06