纳米碳材料在锂离子电池中的竞争与协同  

Competition and synergy of carbon nanomaterials in lithium-ion battery

作　　者：孙丹萍 田栩铮 柯菲 张锦[1] Danping Sun;Xuzheng Tian;Fei Ke;Jin Zhang(College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Beijing Graphene Institute,Beijing 100095,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京100871 [2]北京石墨烯研究院,北京100095

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2020年第10期1333-1343,共11页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2016YFA0200101,2018YFA0703502);国家自然科学基金(编号:21790052,51720105003)资助项目。

摘　　要：本文基于炭黑(carbon black, CB)、碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes, CNTs)和石墨烯(graphene, Gr)等纳米碳材料的结构特征,围绕导电网络的构建、固态电解质膜(solid electrolyte interphase, SEI)的稳定性、分散性等关键科学问题,综述了纳米碳材料在锂离子电池中的应用.分析了纳米碳材料的"个体"特性作用在导电添加剂、活性材料的导电性、集流体/电极的接触电阻及SEI膜稳定性等方面的差异,展现了其竞争性.讨论了以物理复合、原位生长等方法构建的"复合"纳米碳材料在改善分散性、抑制体积膨胀、优化导电网络等方面的作用,展现了协同性.最后,分析了国内外纳米碳材料在锂离子电池应用中的产业化现状,展望了纳米碳材料在锂离子电池中应用的发展趋势是由竞争到协同、由对立到统一.This article reviewed the applications of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon black(CB), carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and graphene(Gr) in lithium-ion batteries based on their structural characteristics, focusing on the key scientific issues, including the conductive network, stability of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) and dispersibility. We discussed the differences in the regulations of the conductive additives, conductivity of active materials, current collector/electrode contact resistance and stability of SEI through different carbon nanomaterials, proving the competition between"individual" characteristics. We also discussed the synergy of carbon nanomaterial "composites" which were prepared by physical compounding or in-situ synthesis in improving dispersibility, inhibiting volume expansion, optimizing conductive networks, etc. In addition, we summarized the industrialization of carbon nanomaterials in lithium-ion batteries, and forecasted its development tendency is from competition to synergy, and opposition to unity.

关 键 词：纳米碳材料 锂离子电池 导电网络 SEI膜 竞争与协同 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]