泰兴高沙土地区幼蟹养殖对水环境的影响  

Impact of Eriocheir sinensis Culture on Water Environment in Sandy Areas of Taixing City

作　　者：陈丹青[1,2,3,4] 马旭洲 张文博[1,2,3,4] 戴丹超 张勇[1,2,3,4] 李建 CHEN Dan-qing;MA Xu-zhou;ZHANG Wen-bo;DAI Dan-chao;ZHANG Yong;LI Jian(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai 201306,China;ShanghaiUniversity Knowledge Service Platform,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Taixing Aquatic Technology Promotion Station,Taixing,Jiangsu 225400,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]上海高校知识服务平台上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种协同创新中心,上海201306 [5]泰兴市水产技术推广站,江苏泰兴225400

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2020年第5期970-978,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：上海市现代农业产业技术体系(沪农科产字(2020)第4号);水产动物遗传育种上海市协同创新中心(ZF1206)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了研究泰兴姚王高沙土地区幼蟹养殖对周围水环境的影响。【方法】2018年6—10月对江苏省泰兴市江源农牧有限公司3个幼蟹养殖池塘和水源进行监测。试验设置水源组和幼蟹塘组,对这两组的pH、溶解氧(DO)、水温(T)、化学需氧量(CODMn)、硝酸盐(NO3^--N)、亚硝酸盐(NO2^--N)、铵态氮(NH4^+-N)、总氮(TN)、磷酸盐(PO4^3--P)、总磷(TP)进行监测,并采用单样本t检验法对水质进行评价。【结果】整个养殖试验期间,幼蟹塘组的T、DO和pH与水源组差异不显著(P>0.05),幼蟹塘组的NO2^--N与水源组差异显著(P<0.05),幼蟹塘组的NH4^+-N、NO3^--N和TN总体低于水源组,CODMn、PO4^3--P和TP总体高于水源组。【结论】幼蟹塘的CODMn、TN和TP指标劣于GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》的Ⅲ级标准,但符合SC/T 9101—2007《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》的一级标准。将养殖尾水直接排放,最终流入如泰运河,不会对其水体造成污染。高沙土生态养殖模式对养殖水体净化效果不足,此模式还需进一步优化。高温时期去除多余的喜旱莲子草(Altemautheua philoxeroides)和引入对氮磷吸收能力强的飘浮植物,是优化泰兴姚王地区河蟹高沙土生态养殖模式、提高生态效益的两个方向。[Objective]This study aims to explore the impact of Eriocheir sinensis farming on the surrounding water environment in the high sandy area of Yaowang,Taixing.[Method]Water quality monitoring was conducted in three ponds and water source from June to October in 2018 at Jiangsu TaixingJiangyuan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry co.LTD.Two groups were set in this experiment,which were water source group and juvenile crab pond group.Water quality monitoring was conducted in the water source group and the juvenile crab pond group,which included pH,DO,T,CODMn,NO3^--N,NO2^--N,NH4^+-N,TN,PO4^3--P,TP.The water quality was evaluated using the method of single sample t test.[Result]During the farming experiment cycle,the differences in T,DO and pH between the crab ponds and the water source group were not significant(P>0.05).The difference in NO2^--N between the crab ponds and the water source group was significant(P<0.05).The levels of NH4^+-N,NO3^--N and TN of the crab ponds were generally lower than those in the water source group,and the levels of CODMn,PO4^3--P and TP of the crab ponds were generally higher than those in the water source group.The CODMn,TN and TP indexes of the crab ponds were higher than the Grade Ⅲ standard of GB 3838—2002 Environmental quality standards for surface water,but better than the GradeⅠstandard of SC/T 9101—2007 Requirement for water discharge from freshwater aquaculture pond.The high-sand soil micro-flow aquaculture model has insufficient effect on water purification.This model needs further optimization.The pond water was discharged directly into the water source,eventually ran into the Rutai Canal,which would not pollute the water body of Rutai Canal.[Conclusion]The high-sand soil aquaculture model has insufficient effect on water purification,which needs further optimization.Removing excess Alternanthera philoxeroides during the high-temperature season and introducing floating plants with strong absorption capacity for nitrogen and phosphorus are two management options to optim

关 键 词：高沙土 幼蟹养殖 水质 水环境 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]