不同土壤肥力下有机氮部分替代化学氮对小麦产量构成及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of organic nitrogen replacing chemical nitrogen on wheat yield camponents and soil nutrients under different soil fertility

作　　者：毛伟 曾洪玉[3] 李文西 唐宝国 姚开文 陈明 赵海涛 MAO Wei;ZENG Hong-yu;LI Wen-xi;TANG Bao-guo;YAO Kai-wen;CHEN Ming;ZHAO Hai-tao(Yangzhou Cultivated Land Quality Protection Station,Yangzhou 225009,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Jiangdu Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Yangzhou 225200,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州市耕地质量保护站,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [3]扬州市江都区农业技术推广中心,江苏扬州225200

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2020年第5期1189-1196,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201303);扬州市校合作专项(YZ2019136)。

摘　　要：探讨不同基础肥力条件下有机氮替代化学氮对小麦产量构成和土壤养分含量的影响,为减少化学氮肥施用和科学的小麦肥料运筹提供基础支撑。采用大田试验方法,以长江下游平原河网区习惯施肥为依据,在高、中、低肥力条件下采用不同比例的有机氮替代化学氮,以不施氮、磷、钾化肥和仅施用磷、钾化肥为对照,分析了不同有机氮替代率下小麦产量及产量构成、小麦植株氮、磷、钾含量以及土壤养分赋存特征。结果表明,1)同时施用氮、磷、钾化肥能够显著增加各肥力条件下小麦产量、小麦有效穗数、穗粒数及千粒质量以及土壤有效磷和有机质含量,显著增加高肥力土壤中速效钾含量以及中肥力土壤中速效钾、全氮含量,显著降低低肥力土壤的pH。仅施用磷、钾肥能够显著提升高肥力土壤中有效磷和速效钾含量以及中肥力土壤中有效磷含量。2)有机氮完全替代化学氮会显著降低小麦产量、小麦有效穗数。3)高、中肥力条件下有机氮替代10%~30%化学氮以及低肥力条件下有机氮替代20%~30%化学氮对小麦产量构成无显著影响。高、中、低肥力条件下有机氮替代10%~40%化学氮对土壤有效磷、速效钾、全氮和pH无显著影响,在中、低肥力条件下有机氮替代20%~50%化学氮能显著增加土壤有机质含量。可见,长江下游平原河网区麦田肥料运筹中,低肥力条件下有机氮替代20%~30%化学氮,高、中肥力条件下有机氮替代10%~30%化学氮较为适宜。In order to provide basic support for reducing the application of chemical nitrogen(N)and scientific operation of wheat fertilizer,the effects of organic N replacing chemical N on wheat yield components and soil nutrient content under different basic fertility conditions were studied.The method of field experiment was adopted,and the conventional fertilization in the plain river network area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River was used as the basis of fertilizer operation.Organic N was used to replace chemical N under the conditions of high,medium and low fertility.The yield and yield components of wheat,the contents of N,phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)in wheat plants and the characteristics of soil nutrients were analyzed.The results showed that the application of N,P and K fertilizers at the same time could significantly increase the yield of wheat,the effective panicle number,the grain number per panicle,the 1000-grain weight and the contents of soil available P and organic matter.This fertilization strategy also significantly increased the content of available K in high fertility soil and the contents of available K and total N in medium fertility soil,but significantly reduced the pH of low fertility soil.Only applying P and K fertilizers could significantly improve the contents of available P and K in high fertility soil,and the available P content in medium fertility soil.The total substitution of organic nitrogen for chemical N significantly reduced the wheat yield and effective panicle number.The substitution of 10%-30%chemical nitrogen by organic N under the conditions of high and medium fertility,and the substitution of 20%-30%chemical N by organic N under the condition of low fertility had no significant effect on wheat yield.The replacement of 10%-40%chemical N by organic N had no significant effect on available P,available K,total N and pH under the conditions of high,medium and low fertility,but the replacement of 20%-50%could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter under the

关 键 词：有机氮肥 化学氮肥 小麦 产量构成 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S146[农业科学—肥料学]