基质栽培与土壤栽培对奶白菜生长及栽培介质中微生物区系的影响  

Influence of substrate cultivation and soil cultivation on the growth of milk Chinese cabbage and microbial community structures in different cultivation media

作　　者：张苗[1,2] 陈伟 徐丽萍 刘新红 郭德杰[1,2] 马艳 严少华[1,2] 罗佳 ZHANG Miao;CHEN Wei;XU Li-ping;LIU Xin-hong;GUO De-jie;MA Yan;YAN Shao-hua;LUO Jia(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Station of Farmland Quality Protection of Luhe District,Nanjing City,Nanjing 211500,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [3]南京市六合区耕地质量保护站,江苏南京211500

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2020年第5期1265-1273,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(19)2026]

摘　　要：基质栽培方式有别于传统的土壤栽培方式,是未来农业发展的主要趋势之一。用有机栽培基质和普通菜园土进行奶白菜的盆栽试验,旨在揭示奶白菜在不同栽培介质下的生长状况及栽培介质中微生物区系的差异。结果表明,当总氮、总磷、总钾养分一致时,种植30 d后土壤栽培方式下的奶白菜株高、叶片SPAD值、地上部鲜质量均显著高于基质栽培方式(P<0.05),株高、地上部鲜质量分别比用基质栽培的奶白菜高14.55%、42.19%,但是不同处理间的植株地上部干质量无显著差异。高通量数据分析结果显示,种植30 d后,2种栽培介质中的微生物丰度指数均显著升高(P<0.05),并且种植30 d后基质中的微生物多样性指数显著提高(P<0.05)。在不同栽培方式下,种植奶白菜前后的土壤、基质中均主要有10个细菌门,但是部分门类的相对丰度有明显差异,种植奶白菜前后土壤中各门类的相对丰度几乎无变化,而种植奶白菜后,基质中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度(19.43%)显著低于种植前基质中的相对丰度(42.87%),且疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)的相对丰度较种植前基质中的相对丰度有所升高。相对丰度排名前20的细菌属也由于2种栽培介质本身性质的差异而有不同的变化趋势,并且与环境指标的相关性也存在一定差异,其中在基质栽培方式下,分别有14个、14个、13个属与pH值、电导率(EC)、碳氮比(C/N)存在显著、极显著正相关或负相关关系(P<0.05或P<0.01),而在土壤栽培方式下,分别只有7个、3个、2个属与pH值、EC、C/N存在显著、极显著正相关或负相关关系(P<0.05或P<0.01),可见基质栽培方式下的微生物区系受环境影响较大。综上可知,土壤栽培体系的微生物区系稳定性高于基质栽培体系,外在环境条件的改变不易造成微生物区系的变化;基质栽培体系的微生物Substrate cultivation mode is a main trend of future agricultural developments which is different from traditional soil cultivation modes.This research aims to reveal the difference of the growth of milk Chinese cabbage and the difference of microflora under different cultivation media,using organic cultivation substrate and soil from common vegetable gardens to carry out pot experiments of milk Chinese cabbages.The results show that,under the circumstance of equal total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium nutrients,the plant height,SPAD value of leaves,above-ground fresh weight of milk Chinese cabbage under soil cultivation mode were all significantly higher than that under substrate cultivation mode(P<0.05),the plant height,above-ground fresh weight was respectively 14.55%,42.19%higher than that using substrate cultivation 30 d after planting,but the above-ground dry weight of plants between two treatments showed no significant difference.The results of high-throughput data analysis showed that the microbial abundance indices of two cultivation media increased significantly(P<0.05)30 d after planting,and the microbial diversity indices in the substrate increased significantly(P<0.05)after planting.There were mainly ten phyla in soil and substrate before and after planting milk Chinese cabbage under different cultivation modes,but there were obvious differences of relative abundance at the phylum level,while the relative abundance in soil showed nearly no change before and after planting milk Chinese cabbage.Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the substrate(19.43%)after planting milk Chinese cabbage was significantly lower than that before planting(42.87%),and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia,Acidobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes in the substrate after planting also rised compared with that before planting.The top 20 microbial genera ranked by relative abundance also showed different changes due to different properties of the two cultivation media,and there were also some differences in their corr

关 键 词：基质栽培 土壤栽培 奶白菜 微生物区系 环境因子 

分 类 号：S634.301[农业科学—蔬菜学]