新疆野苹果和栽培苹果遗传分化与变异特征  

Genetic differentiation and variation characteristics of Malus sieversii and cultivated apples

作　　者：于少帅 赵文霞[2] 姚艳霞[2] 张学超 淮稳霞[2] YU Shao-shuai;ZHAO Wen-xia;YAO Yan-xia;ZHANG Xue-chao;HUAI Wen-xia(Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Wenchang 571339,China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Forest Protection,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture,Yining 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,海南文昌571339 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所/国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091 [3]伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2020年第5期1274-1281,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2017SZ003);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501503)。

摘　　要：利用15对特异性SSR引物对290份新疆野苹果和栽培苹果样品进行扩增,并通过分子生物学方法分析其遗传变异特征与系统发育关系。15对SSR引物在290份新疆野苹果和栽培苹果样品中共获得69个等位基因,平均每个SSR位点获得4.6个等位基因。新疆野苹果和栽培苹果亲缘关系较近,新疆野苹果种群遗传多样性丰富,遗传分化系数为0.25,基因流为0.76。新疆新源和巩留2个地区的新疆野苹果聚于一个进化分枝,栽培苹果与采自新疆的红肉苹果聚于一个进化分枝。编码转录因子RAX3的SSR位点在枯枝率大于90%的新疆野苹果样品中有特异条带;编码类TMV抗性蛋白质N端的SSR位点在新疆野苹果中有特异性条带;编码类TMV抗性蛋白质N端、转录因子bHLH74的SSR位点在栽培苹果中有特异性条带。15 pairs of specific simple sequence repeats(SSR)primers were used to amplify 290 samples of Malus sieversii and cultivated apples,and their genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by molecular biology method.69 alleles were obtained in 290 samples of M.sieversii and cultivated apples based on 15 pairs of SSR primers,with an average of 4.6 alleles per SSR locus.There was a close genetic relationship between M.sieversii and cultivated apples.The genetic diversity of M.sieversii groups was rich,with a genetic differentiation coefficient of 0.25 and a gene flow of 0.76.M.sieversii from Xinyuan and Gongliu of Xinjiang clustered in an evolutionary branch,cultivated apples and the red-flesh apple collected from Xinjiang clustered in an evolutionary branch.The SSR locus that coding transcription factor RAX3 showed a specific band in M.sieversii samples whose deadwood rate was above 90%.The SSR locus that coding the N end of the TMV-like resistant protein showed a specific band in M.sieversii samples.The SSR loci that coding the N end of the TMV-like resistant protein and the transcription factor bHLH74 showed specific bands in cultivated apples.

关 键 词：新疆野苹果 微卫星标记 遗传多样性 系统发育 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]