高铁开通对我国城市服务业的就业效应异质性  

The Heterogeneity of the Employment Effect of the Opening of High-speed Rail on Chinese Urban Service Industry

作　　者：马子红 韩西成 MA Zi-hong;HAN Xi-cheng

机构地区：[1]云南大学经济学院

出　　处：《产经评论》2020年第5期61-77,共17页Industrial Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“产业转移促进西部地区产业升级的机理分析”(项目编号:10CJL044,项目负责人:马子红);云南省社科联创新团队科研项目“新时代云南省沿边开放空间格局优化研究”(项目编号:CXTD2019003,项目负责人:马子红);云南省研究生创新人才培养项目(项目编号:C176230200,项目负责人:马子红);钟契夫国民经济学科发展基金资助项目;云南大学一流大学建设区域合作理论创新高地资助项目。

摘　　要：与第二产业就业人数逐年下降形成鲜明对比,近些年来我国服务业就业增长明显加快,促进了就业结构的变化。在推动服务业增长的诸多因素中,高速铁路的作用突出。高铁开通具有“时空压缩”效应,大大提升业务人员的流动便利性,带动高铁沿线城市的服务业发展及服务业就业变化。利用2002-2016年全国285个地级及以上城市的数据,基于人口规模和细分行业的差异,结合倾向得分匹配的双重差分法检验高铁开通对城市服务业就业的影响。结果表明:(1)高铁能显著提高城市服务业就业水平,特别是有助于改善特大城市、超大城市服务业的就业结构;(2)高铁的服务业就业效应呈现出行业异质性特征,高铁开通对II型以上城市的批发零售和贸易业、金融业、住宿及餐饮业、租赁和商业服务业、居民服务和其他服务、公共管理和社会组织等的影响明显强于其他城市。In recent years,the employment growth of Chinese service industry has accelerated significantly,which is in sharp contrast with the declining quantity of employment in the secondary industry,which has promoted changes of the employment structure.The opening of the high-speed railway has a“time-space compression”effect,which greatly improves the mobility of the labors,and promotes the development of the service industry in the cities along the high-speed rail as well as the employment change in the service industry.Taking the opening of high-speed rail as the object,using the data of 285 cities at prefecture-level and above across the country from 2002 to 2016,based on the heterogeneity in population size and sub-industry,combined with the methods of PSM-DID to test the effect of the opening of high-speed rail on urban service industry employment.The results show that:(1)high speed rail can significantly improve the employment level of urban service industry,especially help to improve the employment structure of service industry in megacities and megacities.(2)The employment effect of high-speed rail shows industry heterogeneity.The opening of high-speed rail has a significantly stronger impact on wholesale and retail and trade,finance,accommodation and catering,leasing and commercial services,residential services and other services such as public management and social organizations in cities above Type II than in other cities.

关 键 词：高速铁路 人员流动便利性 城市服务业 就业效应 乘客群体特征 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]