煤自燃灾害防治技术现状与挑战  

Present Situation and Challenge of Coal Spontaneous Combustion Disasters Prevention and Control Technology

作　　者：邓军 白祖锦[1] 肖旸 宋泽阳 DENG Jun;BAI Zujin;XIAO Yang;SONG Zeyang(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploration and Hazard Prevention of the Ministry of Education,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学西部矿井开采及灾害防治教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤矿安全》2020年第10期118-125,共8页Safety in Coal Mines

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0807900);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51804247);陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2018JM5071)。

摘　　要：为促进煤炭资源高效利用,推动防灭火技术绿色、经济、科学的发展,基于我国煤自燃火灾害形势,阐述了煤自燃基础理论研究现状,根据煤自燃的发展特征及形成条件,提出了针对不同阶段防灭火的科学应对技术措施;综述了煤自燃预防、控制与灭火技术的研究进展,其中预防、控制主要是以阻化、灌浆注胶技术为主,灭火则由注水、灌浆转向惰性气体等灭火技术;从煤自燃火灾特征信息获取、探测手段实施、火源范围定位、防火材料及防火装备研发等方面总结了当前防灭火技术存在的主要问题与挑战。煤自燃火灾的防治应当遵循精准、快速、智能的原则,以实现煤自燃火灾由被动治理向主动防控的根本性转变。To promote the efficient utilization of coal resources and develop the green,economic,and scientific fire-fighting technologies,current situation of coal fire disasters in China was briefly introduced,and the basic theoretical research status of coal spontaneous combustion(CSC)mechanism and characteristics are explained.A technical scheme for fire prevention at different stages is proposed.Then,this paper summarizes the technological progresses of CSC prevention,control,and fire extinguishment.Among them,prevention and control are mainly based on plugging wind,grouting and glue injection,and fire extinguishment technology is changed from water injection and grouting to inert gas.Finally,the main problems and challenges of current fire prevention and control technology,including acquisition of characteristic information of coal spontaneous combustion fire,implementation of detection means,location of fire sources,research and development of fire protection materials and equipment are summarized.The prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion fire should follow the principles of precision,speed and intelligence,so as to realize the fundamental change from passive control to active prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion fire.

关 键 词：煤自燃灾害 煤自燃机理 防治理论 阻化技术 防灭火技术 

分 类 号：TD75+2.2[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]