福建省台山列岛周边海域的渔业资源群落结构特征  

Community structure characteristics of fishery stock in the sea of Taishan Islands in Fujian Province

作　　者：柯舒婷 杨璐[2] 鞠培龙 杨圣云[2] 涂振顺 KE Shu-ting;YANG Lu;JU Pei-long;YANG Sheng-yun;TU Zhen-shun(College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;Fujian Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361013, China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Management Technology Study, Xiamen 361013, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361102 [3]福建海洋研究所,福建厦门361013 [4]福建省海岛与海岸带管理技术研究重点实验室,福建厦门361013

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2020年第4期531-541,共11页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：福建省公益类科研院所专项资助项目(2018R1006-4,2016R1006-7);福建省海洋与渔业厅科技资助项目[(2012)013号]。

摘　　要：根据2012年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2013年2月(冬季)在台山列岛的拖网定点调查数据,对该海域渔业资源种类组成、优势种、物种多样性、资源密度(质量及数量密度)的空间分布及其季节变化等群落结构特征进行分析研究。结果表明,共记录台山列岛渔业生物136种,隶属于18目63科98属,其中鱼类80种,虾类16种,蟹类28种,口足类3种,头足类9种;优势种共有22种,口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)是唯一四季共同的优势种;Shannon-Wiener种类多样性指数(H′)全年平均值为2.88(范围:2.80~2.95),Pielou均匀度指数(J′)全年平均值为0.69(范围:0.65~0.72),Margalef丰富度指数(D)全年平均值为6.99(范围:5.76~7.69),夏季群落多样性较高;从渔业资源质量平均密度看,春、夏季最大值都出现在05站点,分别为640.70 kg/km^2和10^39.31 kg/km^2,秋季最大值出现在03站点,为1187.48 kg/km^2,冬季最大值出现在04站点,为683.24 kg/km^2,从渔业资源数量平均密度看,春、夏季最大值都出现在05站点,分别为170.68×10^3尾/km^2和123.69×10^3尾/km^2,秋季最大值出现在01站点,为119.71×10^3尾/km^2,冬季最大值出现在04站点,为133.27×10^3尾/km^2。总体来说,台山列岛周边海域渔业资源物种较多,种间分布均匀,群落结构稳定。Based on the data of trawl survey in the sea of Taishan Islands in May(spring),August(summer),November(autumn)and February(winter)in 2012,the community structures of species composition,dominant species,diversity indexes,spatial distribution of fishery stock and seasonal variation of the stock are studied.The results show that 136 species of organisms belonging to 98 genera,63 families and 18 orders are recorded.They includes 80 species of fishes,16 species of shrimps,28 species of crabs,3 species of stomatopodas and 9 species of cephalopods,among which there are 22 species of dominant species and Oratosquilla oratoria is the only year-round dominant species.The annual average of Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)is 2.88(2.80-2.95),Pielou evenness index(J′)is 0.69(0.65-0.72),and Margalef richness index(D)is 6.99(5.76-7.69),and the community diversity indexes are high in summer.The maximum biomass appeared at station 05 and reached 640.70 kg/km^2 and 10^39.31 kg/km^2 in spring and summer,respectively.The maximum biomass appeared at station 03 and reached 1187.48 kg/km^2 in autumn and it was 683.24 kg/km^2 at station 04 in winter.The maximum density appeared at station 05 reaching 170.68×10^3 ind./km^2 and 123.69×10^3 ind./km^2 in spring and summer,respectively.The maximum density appeared at station 01 reaching 119.71×10^3 ind./km^2 in autumn while it reached 133.27×10^3ind./km^2 at station 04 in winter.Overall,the stock is highly diversified in the sea of Taishan Islands where the species distributes much evenly and the community structure is stable.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 渔业资源 群落结构 多样性指数 台山列岛 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]