刍议我国直流冷却电厂冷却用水生态危害与减损  

Ecological impacts of coastal power plants associated with once-through cooling in China and mitigation:a preliminary evaluation

作　　者：唐森铭 商照荣 黄浩 张玉生 TANG Sen-ming;SHANG Zhao-rong;HUANG Hao;ZHANG Yu-sheng(Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Xiamen 361005, China;Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, MEE, Beijing 100082, China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [2]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2020年第4期590-599,共10页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(2016009);生态环境部核电厂取排水指南和监管要求资助项目;生态环境部核电厂温排水问题研究资助项目。

摘　　要：根据我国滨海电厂发电现状与发展趋势,本研究评述了我国火电和核电厂直流冷却需水量以及电厂规模化直流冷却用水对海洋生态系统的影响,包括取水卷塞效应导致生物伤害及其机理,卷载和温排水对海洋生物和海洋生态系统的负面影响。本研究估算了取排水导致的卷塞和卷载损失量。同时,以大亚湾生态系统变化为例,探讨了取排水的可能影响,提出了底栖贝类食物链形成的假设。由于电厂取排水对海洋生态系统构成实际和潜在危害,因此,有必要采取措施缓解电厂取水造成的环境影响。在对电厂的取排水海洋环境评估的基础上,电厂可以利用最佳实践技术(Best Technique Available,BTA),避免或减轻取排水对海洋生态系统的影响,维护冷却海水资源开发的可持续性。减损措施不仅有利于海洋生态保护,也有利于电厂的冷源安全。According to the status quo and developments of coastal power plants,including thermal and nuclear power plants,in China,the quantity of seawater demanded by once-through cooling(OTC)power plants is estimated.Besides,the impacts of impingement with its mechanism and entrainment caused by water intake and warm water discharge on the aquatic organisms and marine ecosystem are discussed.Taken the examples of marine ecosystem changes in Daya Bay before and after the running of power plants,the effects of cooling water intake and discharge are probed.Thus,the hypothesis for the formation of dominant benthic food chain is put forward.Due to the potential and actual negative effects,it is necessary to mitigate the marine environmental impacts of OTC.Based on the site-specific environmental assessment,the best technique available(BTA)shall be adopted for the sustainable use of seawater cooling resource.As a result,the mitigation favors not only for the cool source safety of the power plant but also for the marine environment protections.

关 键 词：海洋环境科学 直流冷却 卷塞 卷载 渔业资源 最佳实践技术 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]