聚酯抗熔滴阻燃新方法  

New methods for flame-retarding PET without melt dripping

作　　者：陈琳[1] 刘博文[1] 付腾[1] 倪延朋 汪秀丽[1] 王玉忠[1] Lin Chen;Bowen Liu;Teng Fu;Yanpeng Ni;Xiuli Wang;Yuzhong Wang(State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering,Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(Ministry of Education),College of Chemistry,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学化学学院,教育部环境与火安全高分子材料协同创新中心,高分子材料工程国家重点实验室,成都610064

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第28期3160-3172,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(21634006)资助。

摘　　要：聚酯作为产量最大、用途广泛的合成高分子材料,其易燃性并且燃烧时伴随严重的熔滴问题是聚酯领域亟待突破的难题.目前传统的阻燃聚酯大部分是通过引入含磷阻燃剂,以促进熔滴而增加聚酯表面的物质损耗和热损耗的方式达到阻燃效果,这会造成更严重的熔滴行为,且极易导致"二次灾害",在有些领域被限制使用.本文介绍了我们针对聚酯阻燃与抗熔滴相矛盾的难题,如何通过分子设计以及结构与性能间的构效关系研究,合成出本征阻燃抗熔滴聚酯;分析了所引入的带有不同结构官能团的阻燃作用机理;提出了聚酯阻燃抗熔滴的新原理和新方法:通过"离子团聚"、"氢键"、"化学自交联"、"高温重排"等作用机制提高聚酯燃烧时的熔体黏度和成炭能力,在赋予相应共聚酯高阻燃性的同时有效抑制其熔滴的产生,开辟了聚酯自身高温炭化阻燃的全新途径.本文还对该领域所面临的挑战及未来发展趋势进行了展望.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET), as the largest synthetic polymer with an annual output of more than 90 million tons, has found widespread applications in our daily life and industry, especially its fiber accounts for about 90% of all synthetic fibers. However, PET is highly flammable and melt-dripping during burning, which causes serious casualties and property loss in case of fire. Although many phosphorus-based flame-retardant PETs are already commercially available, their flame retardancy is usually achieved by promoting the melt dripping of PET. The issue on flame retardation of PET without melt dripping was a big challenge both in the academia and industry, and has not been addressed for a long time because the antidripping behavior conflicts with the "dripping-promotion" flame-retardant mechanism of phosphorus-containing PET.Therefore, how to flame-retard PET without melt dripping has become an urgent difficult problem needed to solve.The key to designing flame-retardant PET with anti-dripping performance is to increase both the melt viscosity and char formation ability during burning. Herein, we reviewed our original works about a series of flame-retardant and antidripping PETcopolyesters designed and synthesized via chemically incorporated functional monomers into the PETchains based on "physical interaction", "high-temperature chemical self-crosslinking" and "high-temperature rearrangement".Those monomers exhibit high polymerization activity with PET monomers, and those special functional groups do not affect the polymerization or processing process. Once at a higher temperature or during burning, under the actions of "ionic aggregation", "hydrogen bond", "chemical self-crosslinking" and "high-temperature rearrangement", the melt viscosity and melt strength of those PET-based copolyesters would be greatly increased, upgrading excellent anti-or non-dripping performance. What is more, the dense cyclic aromatic structures, enabled by these functional groups, can further evolve into stable intumescent char

关 键 词：聚酯 抗熔滴阻燃 离聚物 高温自交联 高温重排 

分 类 号：TQ323.4[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]