不同地区、不同部位羊驼毛品质性状的研究  

Study on the Quality Traits of Alpaca Wool in Different Regions and Body Parts

作　　者：张敏 郑文新 王乐 高维明 陈华峰 宫平 胡昕 高扬 库木斯·哈布多拉 阿依古丽·玉苏甫 ZHANG Min;ZHENG Wenxin;WANG Le;GAO Weiming;CHEN Huafeng;GONG Ping;HU Xin;GAO Yang;KUMUS·Habuduola;AYGL·Yusufu(Quality Standards Institute of Animal Husbandry of Xinjiang Academy Animal Science(Xinjiang Breeding Sheep and Wool Cashmere Quality Safety Supervision and Inspection Center),Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院畜牧业质量标准研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区种羊与羊毛羊绒质量安全监督检验中心),乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2020年第11期3602-3610,共9页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303119-4);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“绒毛用羊产业技术体系”(CARS-39-21)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在了解不同地区、不同部位羊驼毛品质的差异,为羊驼选育及羊驼毛生产提供参考数据。采集新疆野生动物园、新疆阿勒泰、新疆阿克苏、山西、天津地区羊驼颌、颈、肩、侧、股、背、腹部位共636份毛样,进行平均纤维直径、毛丛长度、净毛率、单纤维强力、有髓毛含量、无髓毛含量等性状的测定,分析不同地区及不同部位毛品质性状的差异,并进行最小二乘分析。结果表明,不同地区羊驼毛平均纤维直径、白度、亮度、原毛油脂含量、净毛率、毛丛自然长度、单纤维强力、断裂伸长百分比、有髓毛含量、无髓毛含量均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);不同取样部位羊驼毛纤维直径、原毛油脂含量、毛丛自然长度、单纤维强力、含杂率存在极显著差异(P<0.01),无髓毛含量和有髓毛含量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。以羊驼毛细度越细毛品质越优为准,结合单纤维强力、毛丛自然长度等性状,羊驼不同部位的毛纤维质量从高到低依次为:背、侧、股、肩、颈、颌及腹部。在育种中可将提高无髓毛含量作为新疆羊驼毛细度的选育目标,将提高净毛率和单纤维强力作为山西、天津羊驼毛育种方向,同时可考虑提高羊驼颈、颌、腹部的无髓毛含量,以提高羊驼整体毛品质水平。The purpose of this study was to understand the difference in the quality of alpaca wool in different regions and parts,and to provide reference data for alpaca breeding and alpaca wool production.In this study,a total of 636 wool samples of alpaca jaw,neck,shoulder,side,thigh,back and abdomen were collected from Xinjiang Wild Animal Park,Altay,Aksu,Shanxi,and Tianjin regions,and the traits such as mean fiber diameter,length,net wool rate,single fiber strength,medullated wool content and non-medullated wool content were measured.The differences of wool quality traits in different regions and parts were analyzed,and least squares analysis was performed.The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in alpaca mean fiber diameter,whiteness,brightness,fat content,net wool rate,wool length,single fiber strength,breaking elongation,and presence or absence of myelin wool content in different regions(P<0.01).There were extremely significant or significant differences in alpaca mean fiber diameter,raw wool grease,length,single fiber strength,and impurity content(P<0.01),and the content of medullated wool and non-medullated wool(P<0.05)in different sampling locations.According to the principle that the finer the alpaca wool was,the better the alpaca wool quality was,combined with the properties of single fiber strength and the length,the order of the alpaca wool quality of the different parts from high to low was:Back>side>thigh>shoulder>neck>jaw>abdomen.In breeding,the improvement of the non-medullated wool content could be regarded as the breeding goal of Xinjiang alpaca wool fineness,and the improvement of net wool rate and single fiber strength could be taken as the direction of the alpaca wool quality in Shanxi and Tianjin.At the same time,it could be considered to increase the non-medullated wool content of the alpaca’s neck,jaw,and abdomen,in order to improve the overall wool quality of alpaca.

关 键 词：羊驼 毛品质 不同地区 不同部位 最小二乘分析 

分 类 号：S829.9[农业科学—畜牧学]