从“礼物”到“共享”——人体器官捐献的一个解释路径  

From"Gift"to"Sharing":An Explanation Path for Human Organ Donation

作　　者：李怀瑞 邓国胜[1] LI Huai-rui(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《医学与社会》2020年第11期42-46,共5页Medicine and Society

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第65批面上资助项目,编号为2019M650740。

摘　　要：以人体器官捐献为例,探讨了“礼物”和“共享”两种不同模式的交换视角的施受关系,通过比较,本研究认为前者代表了传统熟人社会的信任和交换模式,而后者代表了陌生人社会人与人之间的互助机制,是现代社会复杂特征的一个综合展现,并成为实现社会团结、激发公民美德、倡导社会价值的有效手段。对人体器官捐献研究的主流“礼物”范式应适时向“共享”范式转变,以增强学术解释的科学性。这种从“生命赠予”向“生命共享”范式的演化,挑战并升华了传统礼物交换理论,也为器官捐献工作的健康发展指引了方向。Taking human organ donation as an example,this paper explores the relationship between the two different modes of"gift"and"sharing".By comparison,the former represents the trust and exchange mode of traditional acquaintance society,while the latter represents the mutual assistance mechanism between people in the stranger society.It becomes a comprehensive manifestation of the complex characteristics of modern society and an effective means to achieve social solidarity,stimulate civic virtues,and advocate social values.The"gift"mode for human organ donation research should be transformed into a"sharing"mode to enhance the scientificalness of academic interpretation.This evolution from the"gift of life"to the"life sharing"ethical mode challenges and sublimates the traditional gift exchange theory,and also guides the development of organ donation.

关 键 词：人体器官捐献 礼物 共享 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]