贵州蜂产业发展现状与趋势  

Development Status and Trend of Apiculture in Guizhou Province

作　　者：韦小平[1] 贺兴江 向华[1] 任建峰 郑钢 龙立炎 吴建勇[1] WEI Xiaoping;HE Xingjiang;XIANG Hua;REN Jianfeng;ZHENG Gang;LONG Liyan;WU Jianyong(Guizhou Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Zheng’an Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zheng’an,Guizhou 563400;Taijiang Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Taijiang,Guizhou 556300,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院现代农业发展研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]正安县农业农村局,贵州正安563400 [3]台江县农业农村局,贵州台江556300

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2020年第10期87-92,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目“中蜂猕猴桃授粉技术集成与应用研究”[黔科合支撑2018(2283)];贵州省科技基础研究项目“贵州省猕猴桃生境的传粉昆虫多样性及传粉行为研究”[黔科合基础(2019)1453];国家现代农业产业技术体系(蜜蜂)建设专项资金项目(CARS-44-SYZ8)。

摘　　要：为全面掌握贵州省蜂业发展现状,合理配置蜂业资源,促进全省蜂业健康发展,通过文献分析、实地调研及关键人物访谈等渠道,对贵州省蜜蜂生产、蜜源植物储量、蜜蜂授粉、从业人员结构等方面进行广泛调研。结果表明:"十三五"以来贵州省蜂业发展迅猛,5年内蜂群由30万群扩增至58万群,其中中蜂51万群(占比87.9%),种蜂2.5万群(占比4.31%);蜂业从业人员由8000人增至4.1万人;2019年全省年产蜂蜜2500t。针对现阶段贵州蜂业存在引种混乱、病害严重、蜂群产量低、蜂产品质量参差不齐等问题,明确提出贵州蜂业发展各关键环节工作重点:立足地方优势资源,科学配置蜂群,开发名、特、优、稀蜂产品,是贵州立足蜂业的根本和未来的发展趋势;培育新型生产经营主体,推动蜂业生产和销售队伍年轻化、专业化,是解决贵州蜂业技术与人才缺乏的关键;提供良好政策环境,完善相关项目评价体系,客观、科学地评价养蜂扶贫项目成效,是贵州蜂业发展的重要保障。In order to fully grasp the development status of apiculture in Guizhou Province,rationally allocate apiculture resources,and promote the healthy development of apiculture in Guizhou,through literature analysis,field investigations and interviews with key figures,the authors conducted extensive research on the production of bees,nectar plant reserves,bee pollination,and structure of employees.Results:The apiculture in Guizhou Province has developed rapidly since the 13 th Five-Year Plan.The bee colony has increased from 300000 colonies to 580000 colonies within 5 years,including 510000 Asian honeybee(accounting for 87.9%)and 25000 female wasps(accounting for 4.31%);the number of employees in the apiculture industry increased from 8000 to 41000;the province’s annual output of honey in 2019 was 2500 tons.In view of the current problems in Guizhou apiculture industry such as the introduction of confusion,serious diseases,low bee colony yields,and uneven quality of bee products,the key aspects of the development of Guizhou apiculture industry were clearly put forward:based on local superior resources,scientifically deploy bee colonies,and develop famous,special,high-quality and rare bee products were the fundamental and future development trend of Guizhou based on the bee industry.Cultivating new types of production and operation entities,and promoting the younger and professionalization of bee industry production and sales teams,was the key to solve lack of technology and talents of the bee industry in Guizhou.Providing agood policy environment,perfecting the evaluation system of related projects,and evaluating the effectiveness of beekeeping poverty alleviation projects objectively and scientifically was an important guarantee for the development of the bee industry in Guizhou.

关 键 词：蜂产业 现状 发展趋势 贵州 

分 类 号：S894[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]