常规与非常规粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性研究  

Degradation characteristics of conventional and unconventional roughage in the rumen of dairy cows

作　　者：刘祥圣 邓波波[1] 王阔鹏 封丽梅 赵国琦[1] 林淼[1] LIU Xiang-sheng;DENG Bo-bo;WANG Kuo-peng;FENG Li-mei;ZHAO Guo-qi;LIN Miao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《草业学报》2020年第11期190-197,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-36);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目;江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程资助

摘　　要：旨在探讨非常规粗饲料(玉米芯、毛豆荚壳)与奶牛常用粗饲料(苜蓿干草、玉米青贮)在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律,试验选用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法测定4种粗饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解规律。结果表明:1)苜蓿干草和毛豆荚壳的CP含量分别为17.55%和11.10%,且苜蓿干草显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05);玉米芯和玉米青贮的CP含量分别为2.97%和8.41%,且玉米芯显著低于玉米青贮(P<0.05);玉米芯的NDF和ADF含量显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),达到79.98%和43.35%。2)苜蓿干草的DM有效降解率最高(P<0.05),由高到低依次为苜蓿干草、毛豆荚壳、玉米青贮和玉米芯。毛豆荚壳的CP有效降解率显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),由高到低依次为毛豆荚壳、苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和玉米芯。苜蓿干草的NDF有效降解率显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05),玉米青贮和毛豆荚壳无显著差异(P>0.05);玉米芯的ADF有效降解率最高(P<0.05),苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和毛豆荚壳无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,玉米芯和毛豆荚壳可作为非常规粗饲料资源加以开发利用。The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rumen degradation characteristics of conventional roughage(corncob,soybean pod shell)and unconventional roughage(corn silage,alfalfa hay)for dairy cows.Three Holstein cows with permanent ruminal cannulas were used to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)using the nylon-bag technique.It was found that:1)The CP content in alfalfa hay(17.55%)was significantly higher than that in soybean pod shell(11.10%;P<0.05).The CP content in corncob(2.97%)was significantly lower than that in corn silage(8.41%;P<0.05).The NDF and ADF content in corncob(79.98%and 43.35%,respectively)were significantly higher than in the other three feedstuffs(P<0.05).2)The DM effective degradability of alfalfa hay was the highest(P<0.05)among the tested feedstuffs,which ranked:alfalfa hay>soybean pod shell>corn silage>corncob.The CP effective degradability of soybean pod shell was significantly higher than the other three feedstuffs(P<0.05),which ranked:soybean pod shell>alfalfa hay>corn silage>corncob.The NDF effective degradability of alfalfa hay was significantly higher than soybean pod shell(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in NDF digestibility between corn silage and soybean pod shell(P<0.05).The ADF effective degradability of corncob was the highest(P<0.05)among the tested feedstuffs;there was no significant difference in ADF effective degradability between alfalfa hay,corn silage and soybean pod shell.In conclusion,corncob and soybean pod shell can be used as unconventional forage resources.

关 键 词：玉米芯 毛豆荚壳 奶牛 瘤胃降解率 尼龙袋技术 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]