基于SEBAL模型的疏勒河流域蒸散发估算与灌溉效率评价  

Estimation of evapotranspiration in Shule River Basin based on SEBAL model and evaluation on irrigation efficiency

作　　者：宁亚洲 张福平 冯起 魏永芬[3] 李玲 刘洁遥 曾攀儒 NING Ya-zhou;ZHANG Fu-ping;FENG Qi;WEI Yong-fen;LI Ling;LIU Jie-yao;ZENG Pan-ru(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi,an 710119,Shaanxi,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;River Basin Research Center,Gifu University,Gifu 501-1193,.Japan)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西西安710119 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]日本国立岐阜大学流域圈科学研究中心,日本岐阜501—1193

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2020年第4期928-938,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金面上项目(2018JM4020);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404300);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC031)资助。

摘　　要：我国西北干旱区内陆河流域水资源匮乏,水资源利用主要用于农业生产,准确估算内陆河流域蒸散发与农业灌溉效率,对研究内陆河流域气候变化和水资源合理利用具有重要作用。利用基于地表能量平衡方程的SEBAL模型,对2017-2018年疏勒河流域蒸散量进行定量估算与时空分布特征分析,并结合降水量与净灌溉水量数据,对疏勒河流域昌马灌区的年内灌溉水有效利用系数进行估算。结果表明:(1)疏勒河流域2017-2018年日均ET呈单峰变化趋势,最大值为6月的5.03 mm·d-1,最小值为12月的0.55 mm·d-1,并存在明显的空间分布差异。(2)疏勒河流域四季ET差异显著,夏季ET达到最高的201.83 mm,春秋次之,冬季最低为53.92 mm;ET由东南向西北逐渐减小,流域上游ET明显高于中下游地区。(3)昌马灌区各灌溉时段不同的灌溉水量造成了各灌季蒸散量的差异,灌区ET高值区主要分布在中部与东南部,低值区主要分布在西北部和灌区边缘。(4)昌马灌区年内灌溉水有效利用系数呈下降趋势,其中春灌、夏灌、秋灌和冬灌分别为0.76、0.71、0.69和0.55,年均灌溉水有效利用系数为0.67。Water resources are scarce for inland river basins in arid regions of northwestern China,where water consumption is mainly for agriculture. Especially in arid regions,evapotranspiration(ET)is the main link to the water cycle and has an important impact on environmental changes. It is therefore important to accurately estimate ET and irrigation efficiency for predicting climate change and for rationally allocating water resources in inland river basins. The Shule River Basin is one of three inland river basins in the Hexi Corridor,and its ecological environment is fragile given its large annual average ET. Water use accounts for a large proportion,and the utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water is high in this region. In this study,we estimated the daily evapotranspiration(ET)of the Shule River Basin(SRB)based on the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land(SEBAL)model with satellite data(from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer known as MODIS)and meteorological data from March in 2017 through February in 2018. Then we applied a time-scale extension to obtain monthly and seasonal ET by using daily ET and meteorological data. We also analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ET to derive daily and seasonal ET. Then,combining the ET results from the SEBAL simulation and data collected on irrigation and precipitation for the Changma irrigation district(CM)during 2017-2018,we calculated the coefficient of irrigation-water effective utilization("η")for the CM on the basis of the waterbalance equation,which was used for irrigation-efficiency assessment for the CM.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The variation range of average daily ET values was 0.55-5.03 mm across the SRB during 2017-2018,which showed a single peak change and obvious difference in spatial distribution.(2)There were significant differences in seasonal ET in the SRB;summer ET was the highest(201.83 mm),followed by spring and autumn,and the winter ET was the lowest(53.92 mm). The spatial pattern of season

关 键 词：蒸散发 SEBAL模型 疏勒河流域 灌溉水有效利用系数 昌马灌区 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]