盐荒地棉田长期膜下滴灌对土壤盐分和产量的影响  

Effects of Long-term Mulched Drip Irrigation on Soil Salinity and Yield in Salt Wasteland Cotton Field

作　　者：朱珠 虎胆·吐马尔白 朱拥军 ZHU Zhu;HU DAN-Tumaerbai;ZHU Yong-jun(Key Laboratory of Water Science and Engineering, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210029, China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;Paotai Soil Improvement Test Station of the Eighth Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832066,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程重点实验室,南京210029 [2]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]第八师炮台土壤改良试验站,新疆石河子832066

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第11期73-77,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室项目“干旱绿洲连作滴灌棉田根系层盐分累积效应与控盐模式研究”(2018nkms02);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B03)。

摘　　要：开发利用盐荒地为解决社会与农业发展中争地矛盾提供重要途径。开荒后土壤盐分含量是影响作物生长和产量的重要指标。为探明长期膜下滴灌对盐荒地棉田土壤盐分时空分布特征规律及对棉花产量的影响,通过田间监测数据,分析了开荒第二年生育期内土壤含盐量时空变化规律,比较分析了膜下滴灌8年后土壤脱盐率、出苗率和产量变化。结果表明,通过8年膜下滴灌,121团6连平均脱盐率达-84.89;142团14连平均脱盐率达-34.81;149团9连平均脱盐率达-69.84。出苗率由2008年开荒时最少21.7增至最高达74.7。产量由2008年开荒时最少261 kg/hm^2增加至最高达6390 kg/hm^2。长期膜下滴灌减少了土壤盐分含量,增加了土壤脱盐率、出苗率和产量。The development and utilization of salt wasteland provides an important way to solve the conflict between social and agricultural development.Soil salt content is an important index that affects crop growth and yield.In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil salinity in salt wasteland cotton field under long-term drip irrigation and its influence on cotton yield,through field monitoring data,the temporal and spatial variation of soil salinity in the two year after mulched drip irrigation was studied,and the relative desalination rate,seedling emergence rate and yield were compared and analyzed after 8 years of drip irrigation under membrane.The results show that:after 8 years,the average desalination rate of soil of the 6th company of the 121th corp was-84.89%,the average desalination rate of soil of the 14th company of the 142th corp was-34.81%,and the average desalination rate of the 9th company of the 149th corp is-69.84%;the emergence rate increased from at least 21.7%in 2008 to a maximum of 74.7%;the yield increased from a minimum of 261 kg/hm^2 in 2008 to a maximum of 6390 kg/hm^2;Long-term submembrane drip irrigation reduced soil salt content and increased soil desalination rate,seedling emergence rate and cotton yield.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 盐荒地 棉田 土壤盐分 时空分布 棉花产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S275.6