小断面隧道快速掘进爆破方案优化研究  

Study on optimization of blasting scheme for fast tunneling of small section tunnel

作　　者：万嗣鹏 陶铁军 陈二平 刘永明 王雪莹 WAN Sipeng;TAO Tiejun;CHEN Erping;LIU Yongming;WANG Xueying(Mining College,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Anshun Jiuning Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Anshun 561000,China;College of Civil Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;China Railway(Guizhou)Municipal Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学矿业学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]安顺市久宁爆破工程有限公司,贵州安顺561000 [3]贵州大学土木工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]中铁(贵州)市政工程有限公司,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国矿业》2020年第11期178-183,共6页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目优秀青年科技人才培养项目资助(编号:黔科合平台人才〔2017〕5643)。

摘　　要：为解决西南地区小断面隧道爆破开挖时围岩稳定性差、超欠挖严重、爆破振动速度过大等问题,从水压爆破、准直眼掏槽形式、毫秒延时爆破三个方面对爆破方案进行优化,并从理论上给出了取得良好降振效果的最优毫秒延时范围。结果表明:①水压爆破技术和准直眼掏槽形式的使用,能较好地改善爆破效果,形成较好的隧道轮廓和掏槽效果,但是无法控制爆破振动大小;②从波形叠加的角度对隧道毫秒延时干扰降振原理进行了分析,得到了23~46 ms的最优毫秒延时理论值范围;③经现场验证,不良地段选用25 ms延时作为相邻炮孔延期时间,掏槽孔与辅助孔、辅助孔与底板孔之间选用45 ms延期时间的隧道断面延时设置能够将振动速度控制在1 cm/s以下,降振效果良好。To solve the problems of poor stability of surrounding rock,over-break or under-break of excavation and excessive blasting vibration speed during blasting excavation of small section tunnel in southwest China,the blasting parameters are optimized and analyzed from three aspects:water pressure blasting,quasi-parallel cutting form and millisecond delay blasting,and the optimal millisecond delay range with good vibration reduction effect is given theoretically.The results show that the use of water pressure blasting technology and quasi-parallel cutting form can improve the blasting effect and form a better tunnel profile and cutting effect,but it cannot control the blasting vibration velocity.The principle of millisecond delay disturbance vibration reduction in tunnel is analyzed from the point of view of waveform superposition,and the optimal millisecond delay theoretical range of 23-46 ms is obtained.The field verification shows that the 25 ms is selected as the delay time of adjacent holes in bad sections,and 45 ms delay time setting of tunnel section between cutting holes and relief holes,relief holes and bottom holes can control the vibration speed below 1 cm/s,with good vibration reduction effect.

关 键 词：小断面隧道 水压爆破 准直掏槽眼 方案优化 干扰降振 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]