自然灾难地黑色旅游发展:居民感知与社区参与——以北川羌族自治县吉娜羌寨为例  

Residents’Perceptions and Participation in Dark Tourism on Natural Disaster Site——A Case Study of Jina Qiang Stockaded Village,China

作　　者：王金伟 谢伶 张赛茵[4] WANG Jinwei;XIE Ling;ZHANG Saiyin(School of Tourism Sciences,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing 100024,China;Research Center for Beijing Tourism Development,Beijing 100024,China;School of Management,Chongqing Radio&TV University,Chongqing 400052,China;College of Statistics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院,北京100024 [2]北京旅游发展研究基地,北京100024 [3]重庆广播电视大学管理学院,重庆400052 [4]首都经济贸易大学统计学院,北京100070

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2020年第11期101-114,共14页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“从灾难遗址到黑色旅游地:负面遗产的社会建构及旅游活化管理研究”(41701168)资助。

摘　　要：近年来,黑色旅游已成为自然灾害地灾后恢复重建的一种重要形式,受到国内外旅游学界和业界的广泛关注。社区居民作为核心利益相关者,在黑色旅游发展中扮演着重要角色,然而现有相关研究却十分缺乏。文章以吉娜羌寨为例,运用参与观察和深度访谈法,探讨了社区居民对黑色旅游发展的感知及其应对旅游业发展演化所采取的参与行为。研究发现:(1)对于当地居民来说,地震遗址是见证和纪念灾难、缅怀逝者、传承社区记忆的“物”和“场”;(2)当地居民对发展黑色旅游普遍持支持态度,他们认为黑色旅游是推动灾区恢复重建、促进传统文化保护和族群认同的重要力量;(3)社区居民与“他者”(游客、外来商户)角色关系的重构,导致了“我者”和“他者”之间的矛盾日益凸显,给当地旅游发展带来了新的挑战;(4)社区居民采取了多种“自觉”参与旅游发展的行动,助推旅游业转型升级。当地的社区参与已开始从“外部推动”向“内部自觉”转变。Recently,dark tourism has received extensive attention from academia and industry.Although community residents play an important role in its development,few studies focus on it.In this study,focusing on Jina Qiang Stockaded village in Sichuan province,participatory observation and in-depth interviews are utilized to explore local residents’perception of dark tourism and their responses to changes in the development of the tourism industry.According to the survey,local residents assign certain social and spatial meanings to the“earthquake site”to make it“valuable”;they believe that it is the“object”and“field”to witness and honor the disaster,commemorate the dead,and pass on the memory of the community.Meanwhile,with the development of the tourism industry,to local residents,the earthquake ruin is not only a place for them to remember friends and relatives,but also where tourists can commemorate and honor the memory of those who died in the earthquake;the site is significant to both local residents and tourists.Local dark tourism has received a positive response from residents;however,there are some negative effects.First,it can advance the community’s economic growth and improve their living standards.Second,tourism development is favorable for the inheritance and protection of the traditional culture of Qiang people,promoting their community and ethnic identity.Accordingly,almost all the subjects express their approval and support for development of the tourism industry.With time,there is reducing focus on the disaster itself and the related area.Further,the“host-guest relationship”at this site has undergone a significant change:tourists gradually turn from“condolencers”and“caregivers”to“consumers,”while local residents shift from“victims”and“care receivers”to“business operators.”This change not only imposes new requirements for local tourism development but also presents a new challenge for the host-guest relationship.Meanwhile,the residents’tourist operation spa

关 键 词：黑色旅游 自然灾害 社区居民 汶川大地震 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]