谁主沉浮?全球邮轮航线网络结构及区域差异研究  

Who is the Leader?Network Structure and Regional Differentiation of Global Cruise Itineraries

作　　者：孙晓东[1] 林冰洁 SUN Xiaodong;LIN Bingjie(School of Business Administration,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;School of Culture&Tourism,Jiaxing Vocational&Technical College,Jiaxing 314036,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学工商管理学院,上海200241 [2]嘉兴职业技术学院文化与旅游学院,浙江嘉兴314036

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2020年第11期115-128,共14页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“邮轮航线规划的影响因素、资源配置与优化策略研究”(71572057);上海市浦江人才计划“邮轮航线规划的指标体系、满意度测评与优化策略研究”(17PJC033)共同资助。

摘　　要：邮轮业是全球旅游与接待业中发展最活跃且经济效益最显著的板块之一。合理和科学的航线布局对邮轮产业持续健康发展至关重要。文章以全球4979条邮轮航线数据为样本,采用文本分析、信息可视化、社会网络分析等方法对全球邮轮航线在时长、始发港、挂靠港等方面的基本特征进行了识别,并进一步对美国东南部及加勒比地区、地中海地区、地中海以外欧洲地区、亚洲及中东地区等四大区域邮轮始发航线的布局特征、网络结构及区域差异进行分析。研究发现,全球大多数邮轮航线时长分布集中在6~14晚;超过半数的航线由地中海邮轮、歌诗达邮轮、公主邮轮、皇家加勒比邮轮、荷美邮轮和维京邮轮6家公司运营。社会网络分析发现,由于区域内港口数量众多,且只有极少数节点度很高的邮轮港口处于网络中心位置,在航线布局中拥有绝对控制力,而绝大多数港口处于航线网络的边缘地带,因此,整个网络的连通性或网络密度较低。此外,模块化分析进一步发现,区域航线网络存在较为明显的社区或群落化特征,即群落内部港口的交互关系密切,而群落之间相对独立,目标市场较为明确。最后,在借鉴国际经验基础上提出了我国航线规划、优化和多元化发展的对策建议。Cruise industry has become one of the most mature segments of the tourism industry.In 2018,cruise industry has recorded over 27 million passengers and obtained more than US 120 billion dollars.Cruise lines have penetrated their markets in North America,South America,Europe,and Asia-Pacific regions.Indeed,China has become the largest emerging market where there are around 10%of global cruisers.However,China cruise industry still exist various problems.Such as limited type of itineraries is one of the main problems for China to maintain a sustainable cruise industry.Optimizing cruise itinerary planning can maximize the resource allocation for China cruise industry.The article aims to summarize the valuable experiences from the cruise industry by exploring common characteristics,network structure,and regional differentiation of global cruise itineraries.To this end,it offers academic and managerial implications for researchers,policymakers,cruise tourism stakeholders to improve cruise itinerary planning in China.By using website mining method,we collected 4979 cruise itineraries(i.e.,between March 2019 and March 2020)from www.cruisecritic.com.The cruise itinerary network structure is examined by the social network analysis.Regional differentiation in four representative regions,including the Southeastern United States and the Caribbean,the Mediterranean,Europe beyond the Mediterranean,Asia and the Middle East are also explored.The statistical results show that the distribution of route length mainly concentrated on 6~14 nights which contributed around 65%.The global itineraries mainly distributed in four regions:(1)the Southeastern United States and the Caribbean(747 routes,15%),(2)the Mediterranean(1057 routes,21.23%),(3)Europe beyond the Mediterranean(1162 routes,23.34%),and(4)the Asia and the Middle East(372 routes,7.47%).More than half of cruise itineraries are now operated by six cruise lines,including MSC Cruises,Costa Cruises,Princess Cruises,Royal Caribbean International,Holland America Line,and Viking Cruis

关 键 词：邮轮 邮轮旅游 邮轮航线 网络结构 区域差异 社会网络分析 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]