广东省农业科学院常规水稻育种60年:成就与展望  

Sixty Years’Conventional Rice Breeding of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences:Achievements and Prospects

作　　者：何秀英[1] 周少川[1] 刘志霞[1] 刘传光[1] HE Xiuying;ZHOU Shaochuan;LIU Zhixia;LIU Chuanguang(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology for Rice Breeding,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2020年第11期1-8,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(2019KJ105);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YF D0100102);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020202004);广东省优质稻良种重大科研联合攻关项目(粤财农〔2019〕73号);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)-“十三五”学科团队建设项目(201635TD)。

摘　　要：常规水稻是广东省水稻的优势和特色,有着辉煌的发展历史,1959年矮化育种的成功引领了农业发展史上的第一次绿色革命。广东省农业科学院率先在全国开展优质稻、超级稻育种,常规水稻育种技术水平在全国处于领先地位,先后育成了广场矮、珍珠矮、广陆矮4号、广解9号、双竹占、青二矮、窄叶青8号、桂朝2号、双桂1号、双桂36、特青2号、珍桂矮1号、七山占、特三矮2号、粤香占、黄华占等23个种植面积超千万亩的常规水稻品种;建立了水稻生态育种理论科学体系,以株型塑造为核心,提出丛化育种、半矮秆早长超高产育种、组群筛选法等育种技术,并取得了丰硕成果,为广东乃至全国粮食生产作出了突出贡献。未来将开展以保障粮食安全、改良食味品质及以满足多元化消费需求为目标的高产稳产、香型丝苗、功能营养及绿色高效的水稻新品种选育研究,发展现代水稻育种理论,应用新技术提高品种选育效率。广东水稻科研在老一辈科学家创造辉煌历史的基础上,当代水稻科研工作者对常规水稻育种肩负着传承与发展的历史使命。Conventional rice variety is the advantage and characteristic of rice in Guangdong province,with a glorious history.The success of dwarf breeding in 1959 led the first green revolution in the history of agricultural development.Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(GAAS)took the lead in breeding good quality rice and super hybrid rice and was in the leading position in conventional rice breeding.GAAS has selected and bred 23 conventional rice cultivars with a planting area of more than 66.7×104 hm2,such as Guangchangai,Zhenzhu’ai,Guangluai 4,Guangjie 9,Shuangzhuzhan,Qing’erai,Zhaiyeqing 8,Guichao 2,Shuanggui 1,Shuanggui 36,Teqing 2,Zhenguiai 1,Qishanzhan,Tesan’ai 2,Yuexiangzhan and Huanghuazhan.GAAS established the scientific system of rice ecological breeding theory and put forward the breeding techniques such as“cross combination and population selection”,“Semi-dwarf,earlygrowing and super-high yield breeding”,“group screening method”and so on,which has made good achievements and outstanding contributions to grain production in Guangdong and even through out the country.In the future,breeding of new rice varieties with high and stable yield,fragrant long grain,functional nutrition and green and high efficiency will be carried out to ensure food security,improve food quality and meet diversified consumption demand.Meanwhile,modern rice breeding theory will be developed and new technologies will be applied to improve the efficiency of variety breeding.On the basis of the brilliant history created by scientists of the older generation,Guangdong rice researchers shoulder the historical mission of inheritance and development of conventional rice breeding.

关 键 词：常规水稻 矮化育种 优质化育种 超级稻育种 育种理论 

分 类 号：S511.03[农业科学—作物学]