晚泥盆世F-F大灭绝事件研究进展  

RESEARCH PROGRESS IN THE LATE DEVONIAN F-F MASS EXTINCTION

作　　者：王玉珏 梁昆 陈波[1] 宋俊俊 郭文 乔丽[1] 黄家园 郄文昆[1] WANG Yu-Jue;LIANG Kun;CHEN Bo;SONG Jun-jun;GUO Wen;QIAO Li;HUANG Jia-yuan;QIE Wen-kun(State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026;Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所和生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学技术大学,安徽合肥230026 [3]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《地层学杂志》2020年第3期277-298,共22页Journal of Stratigraphy

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000、XDB18000000);国家自然科学基金(41772004);现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室共同资助。

摘　　要：晚泥盆世弗拉期-法门期(F-F)之交的生物灭绝事件是显生宙以来五大生物灭绝事件之一,导致海洋中至少80%的物种消亡、群落结构明显更替、地史时期最大的后生动物礁系统彻底崩溃,深刻改变了地球生命的演化进程。受泥盆纪多种时间尺度作用力的综合影响,F-F生物事件的灭绝模式复杂,并非以短时间内极高的生物灭绝率为主要特征,总体上表现出一种循序的、渐进式的灭绝过程。频繁的海平面升降、海洋缺氧和泥盆纪温室地球极热条件下的气候快速变冷等多因素综合作用是造成F-F生物大灭绝的主要原因。晚泥盆世西伯利亚板块和俄罗斯地台上大规模的火山作用可能是造成地球表层系统中气候环境发生剧变的最终触发机制,同时陆地植物演化和全球构造活动在百万至千万年时间尺度上的反馈机制亦起重要作用,最终导致F-F之交全球气候异常突变、浅海区域海洋缺氧和F-F生物大灭绝。The Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian(F-F)mass extinction represents one of the Phanerozoic‘big five’extinction events,causing demise of more than 80%marine organisms,major community changeover and complete collapse of the largest metazoan reef ecosystem in Earth history,and deeply affecting life evolution on Earth.Influenced by the combination of various Devonian effects at different time-scales,the F-F extinction pattern is highly complex,characterized by progressive and gradual extinction process,rather than short-period and high extinction rates.Earth-bound multicausal scenario,including frequent sea-level changes,marine anoxia and rapid climate cooling in a Devonian hothouse condition,are considered as destructive factors during the F-F transition.Large-scaled volcanic eruptions in Siberia Block and Russian Platform during the Late Devonian might be the prime trigger that led to climatic and environmental deterioration of Earth surface system with diverse feedbacks driven by vascular plant evolution and tectonic activities at time scales of 10~6 to 10~7 yr,resulting in global abnormal climate,abrupt climate changes,marine anoxia,and finally,the F-F mass extinction.

关 键 词：Kellwasser事件 生物大灭绝 黑色岩系 气候变冷 海洋缺氧 火山作用 

分 类 号：P534.44[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]