废旧锂离子电池三元正极材料的回收与再利用工艺研究进展  

Review on Recycling and Utilizing Processes of Ternary Cathode Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

作　　者：谭燚 缪畅[1] 聂炎 肖围[1] TAN Yi;MIAO Chang;NIE Yan;XIAO Wei(College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,荆州434023

出　　处：《人工晶体学报》2020年第10期1944-1951,共8页Journal of Synthetic Crystals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51874046);长江大学大学生创新创业训练“青年红色筑梦之旅”专项计划。

摘　　要：锂离子电池因其能量密度高、循环性能好、自放电低等优势在各个领域得到了大量的应用。然而当锂离子电池使用3~5年后,其容量会随着电解液分解等原因而逐渐衰减,进而无法满足产品需求,势必会产生大量的废旧锂离子电池。因此,将其进行合理的回收利用,不仅可以节约资源,而且还能减轻环境的污染。本文综述了废旧锂离子电池回收的工艺步骤,主要包括三元正极材料的预处理工艺、有价金属离子的浸出与分离工艺、三元正极材料的再合成等工艺,并对比了各种工艺的优缺点。在此基础上,指出废旧锂离子电池三元正极材料的回收与再利用工艺应朝着安全、环保、高效的方向发展。Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in many fields because of the advantages of high energy density,excellent cycling performance,and low self-discharge rate.Nevertheless,the specific capacity of lithium-ion batteries cannot satisfy the practical demands further after being employed for 3 to 5 years due to the decomposition of liquid electrolytes,which can lead to a large number of spent lithium-ion batteries undoubtedly.Therefore,recycling and utilizing of spent lithium-ion batteries reasonably can not only economize the resource,but also alleviate the environmental pollution.This paper summarizes the processing steps of spent lithium-ion batteries during the recycling process,which mainly consists of the pretreatment of ternary cathode materials,the leaching and separation of valuable metal ions and the regeneration of ternary cathode materials as well as comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various methods.On that basis,it is reasonable to move in a safe,environmental and efficient direction to recycle and utilize of ternary cathode materials in spent lithium-ion batteries.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 三元正极材料 有价金属 回收 再利用 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]