宁夏干旱风沙区羊草水肥效应研究  

Water and fertilizer effect on Leymus chinensis in arid sandy area of Ningxia

作　　者：周燕飞 高雪芹 田静 李雪 倪彪 冯翔 伏兵哲[1,3] ZHOU Yanfei;GAO Xueqin;TIAN Jing;LI Xue;NI Biao;FENG Xiang;FU Bingzhe(Agronomy College,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory for Preventing Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding of Dominant Characteristic Crops,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏优势特色作物现代分子育种重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第11期13-22,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2019AAC03061);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01);宁夏青年科技人才托举工程项目(TJGC2018083)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究宁夏干旱风沙区水肥耦合对羊草产量、品质及种子产量的影响,为羊草高产优质栽培提供参考。【方法】以中科2号羊草为材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为灌水量处理,设900,1800,2700 m 3/hm^2 3个梯度,在羊草返青期和抽穗期分2次进行灌水,每次灌水量为总灌水量的1/2;副区为肥料处理,设N-P 2O 5-K 2O为0-0-0 kg/hm^2(F 1),75-60-45 kg/hm^2(F 2),150-120-90 kg/hm^2(F 3),225-180-135 kg/hm^2(F 4)4个梯度,F 2~F 4处理N-P 2O 5-K 2O的比例均为5∶4∶3,肥料在返青期随灌水一次性撒施。在羊草种子成熟时,测定穗长、穗宽、小穗数、小花数、种子产量和千粒质量,统计分蘖数和生殖枝数,计算抽穗率;测定株高、鲜草产量、干草产量及干草营养成分;分别计算种子和干草的灌溉水利用率(iWUE)和肥料偏生产力(PFP);通过二次多项式回归和空间分析法得出最优水肥用量。【结果】灌水量对羊草种子产量、干草产量、相对饲喂价值(RFV)、种子和干草的PFP和iWUE均有显著或极显著影响;施肥量对羊草干草产量、种子和干草的PFP、干草iWUE、粗蛋白(CP)和RFV均有极显著影响;水肥耦合效应对羊草干草产量、干草iWUE、干草和种子的PFP均有显著或极显著影响。灌水量为900 m 3/hm^2、施肥量为540 kg/hm^2时羊草种子产量最高;灌水量为1800 m 3/hm^2、施肥量为540 kg/hm^2时干草产量和饲草品质(CP和RFV)最高。【结论】在宁夏干旱风沙区,羊草种植以种子产量和水分利用效率为目的时,灌水量为855~900 m 3/hm^2、施肥量为342~513 kg/hm^2;以干草产量和饲草品质为目的时,灌水量为1710~1800 m 3/hm^2、施肥量为342~513 kg/hm^2。【Objective】This study investigated the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on yield,quality and seed yield of Leymus chinensis in the arid sandstorm area of Ningxia.【Method】The Zhongke No.2 Leymus chinensis was selected for the crack zone test design.The main area was treated with irrigation water at three gradients of 900,1800,and 2700 m 3/hm 2.The irrigation was divided into 2 times during the greening and heading stages of Leymus chinensis.The secondary zone was fertilizer treatment with 4 N-P 2O 5-K 2O gradients of 0-0-0 kg/hm 2(F 1),75-60-45 kg/hm 2(F 2),150-120-90 kg/hm 2(F 3),and 225-180-135 kg/hm 2(F 4).The N-P 2O 5-K 2O ratios for F 2-F 4 were 5∶4∶3,and the fertilizer was applied once with irrigation during the greening period.When the seed of Leymus chinensis was mature,the ear length,ear width,spikelet number,floret number,seed yield and thousand-grain weight were measured,the total tiller number and reproductive branches were counted,and the heading rate was calculated.The plant height,fresh grass yield,and hay yield were measured to determine the nutritional content of hay.The irrigation water use efficiency(iWUE)and fertilizer partial productivity(PFP)of seeds and hay were calculated and the optimal application rates of water and fertilizer were determined through quadratic polynomial regression and spatial analysis.【Result】Irrigation amount had significant or extremely significant effects on seed yield,hay yield,relative feeding value(RFV),PFP and iWUE of seed and hay.Fertilization amount had extremely significant effects on hay yield,PFP of seed and hay,iWUE of hay,crude protein(CP)and RFV.The coupling effect of water and fertilizer had significant or very significant on hay yield,hay iWUE,hay and seed PFP.The yield of Leymus chinensis was the highest when the irrigation amount was 900 m 3/hm 2 and the fertilization amount was 540 kg/hm 2,while the hay yield and quality(CP and RFV)were the highest when the irrigation amount was 1800 m 3/hm 2 and the fertilization amount was 54

关 键 词：羊草 水肥效应 干旱风沙区 

分 类 号：S543[农业科学—作物学]