地震信噪比照明分析研究及应用  

Illumination of signal-to-noise ratio

作　　者：殷厚成[1] 彭代平[1] 郑军 YIN Houcheng;PENG Daiping;ZHENG Jun(Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute,Nanjing 211103,China;South Branch,Sinopec Geophysical Corporation,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院,江苏南京211103 [2]中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司南方分公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《石油物探》2020年第6期844-850,926,共8页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

摘　　要：在传统的射线覆盖次数和能量照明研究的基础上,提出了地震信噪比照明的概念,探讨了信噪比照明与覆盖次数、能量照明之间的关系。分析了道集信噪比非一致性问题对覆盖次数设计、地震成像剖面的影响。论述了道集去噪前、后信噪比及其比值K、平均信噪比、信噪比变异系数等参数在地震采集和资料处理过程中的作用。最后举例说明了地震信噪比照明在激发效果评价、可控震源激发覆盖次数设计论证中的应用效果,介绍了信噪比照明在观测系统设计及优化中应用的基本思路。研究认为:覆盖次数、能量及信噪比均是地震照明的一种表达方式,用实际地震资料的信噪比来衡量地震采集效果及资料处理能力,弥补了覆盖次数和能量照明法存在的不足。Signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is a basic concept in seismic exploration.Model-based seismic illumination analysis is an effective method to quantitatively describe the capability of reflection seismic exploration in the design of a seismic observation system.However,few scholars have studied the quantitative relationship between SNR and seismic illumination.Based on the study of traditional ray folds and energy illumination,the concept of seismic SNR illumination was suggested in this paper.The relationships among seismic SNR illumination,folds,and energy illumination were discussed.The influence of the SNR inconsistency on the folds and seismic imaging was analyzed.The functions of SNR,ratio K,average SNR,and coefficient of variation of SNR in seismic acquisition and data processing were discussed.Finally,tests on field data illustrated the effect of seismic SNR illumination on the evaluation of the excitation effect and the design and demonstration of excitation folds of vibroseis.The basic idea of applying SNR illumination to the design and optimization of an observation system was introduced.Folds,energy,and SNR were assumed to be characteristics of seismic illumination.SNR of actual data can be used to compensate for the shortcomings of the folds and energy illumination method.

关 键 词：信噪比照明 地震照明 地震采集 观测系统设计 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]