民用燃煤不同燃烧阶段细颗粒物排放特征  

Emission characteristics of fine particulate matter at different combustion phases of residential coal.

作　　者：李朋 吴华成 周卫青 张子健 汪美顺[3] 李闯 叶堃 薛春瑜[4] 康玺 周子龙 LI Peng;WU Hua-cheng;ZHOU Wei-qing;ZHANG Zi-jian;WANG Mei-shun;LI Chuang;YE Kun;XUE Chun-yu;KANG Xi;ZHOU Zi-long(Jibei Electric Power Research Institute,State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,North China Electric Power Research Institute Company Limited,Beijing 100045,China;State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100054,China;State Grid Corporation of China,Beijing 100031,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]国网冀北电力有限公司电力科学研究院,华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司,北京100045 [2]国网冀北电力有限公司,北京100054 [3]国家电网公司,北京100031 [4]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2020年第11期4652-4659,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国网冀北电力公司科技项目(52018K18001D);国家电网公司总部科技项目(52010118000C)。

摘　　要：研究了民用燃煤在不同燃烧阶段排放PM2.5的质量浓度分布特征.结果表明,散煤与正烧炉在旺火阶段排放颗粒物粒径主要集中在0.2μm以下(d50=0.15μm),加煤和封火阶段在0.2~0.5μm(d50=0.38μm),质量占比46.6%~68.97%.型煤与正烧炉在各阶段排放的颗粒物均以0.2μm以下颗粒物为主,质量占比44.64%~56.24%.扫描电镜(SEM)观察到燃煤排放PM2.5为大量超细颗粒物聚集形成的簇团状结构.用碳平衡法计算得到散煤加煤阶段的PM2.5排放因子为4.72g/kg,分别是旺火和封火阶段的12和11倍.将散煤更换为型煤,能够使得加煤阶段的PM2.5排放因子减少90.9%,从而显著降低PM2.5排放.The mass distribution characteristics of PM2.5 particles during different combustion phases of residential coal were studied in this work.PM2.5 particles during the flaming phase of burning bituminous coal in an over-fire stove were mainly particulate matters(PM)with diameter below 0.2μm(d50=0.15μm)and peaked at 0.2~0.5μm(d50=0.38μm)during the fuel-adding and smoldering phases.Their mass ratio was between 46.6%and 68.97%.On the other hand,PM emitted from the whole process of burning briquettes in an under-fire stove were mainly below 0.2μm,and the mass ratio was 44.64%~56.24%.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation showed that the PM2.5 particles emitted from coal-burning were cluster-like structure formed by the aggregation of a large number of ultrafine particles.Also,the emission factor(EF)of PM2.5 calculated by the carbon balance approach of the bituminous and over-fire stove in the fuel-adding phase was 4.72g/kg,which was 12 and 11 times of that in the flaming and smoldering phases respectively.The replacement of bituminous to briquette will result in the reduction of PM2.5 EFs by 90.9%during the fuel-adding phase,leading to a significant decrease in PM2.5 emission.

关 键 词：民用燃煤 燃烧阶段 PM2.5质量粒径分布 排放因子 SEM 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]