我国突发事件应对中行政征用制度探究  

The System of Administrative Requisition in China’s Response to Emergencies

作　　者：何晓鲁 HE Xiaolu(Law School, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116001, China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116001

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期100-107,共8页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:“大数据、人工智能背景下的公安法治建设研究”(19ZDA165);国家社会科学基金重大项目:“中国海权发展模式及海洋法制完善研究”(17ZDA145);国家社会科学基金“新时代海洋强国建设”重大研究专项项目:“海洋命运共同体视野下的中国海洋权益维护研究”(19VHQ009)。

摘　　要：突发事件应对中的行政征用是基于突发事件紧急性和特殊性的考量,行政机关通过征用单位和个人的财产应对危机以减轻或消除当前面临的紧迫危险、恢复社会秩序的具体行政行为。征用事关公民切身利益,为防止权力在紧急状态下被滥用,行政征用权的运行需坚持越权无效、正当程序和比例原则。当前,我国突发事件应对中有关征用的制度供给不足,进一步完善突发事件应对中的征用制度,需要从体系建构和内容完善两个纬度提高立法质量,协调应急状态下公权力与私权利的关系,保障公正与效率的统一。In response to emergencies,administrative requisition is a specific administrative act based on the consideration of the urgency and particularity of emergencies.Administrative organs respond to crises by requisitioning the property of units and individuals so as to alleviate or eliminate the immediate danger currently encountered and to restore social order.Expropriation concerns the vital interests of citizens.In order to prevent the power from being abused in the state of emergency,the operation of administrative expropriation should adhere to the principles of ultra vires,due process and proportionality.At present,there is an absence of requisition system in response to emergencies in our country.To establish a requisition system in response to emergencies,we need to improve the quality of legislation from the two dimensians of system construction and content improvement,coordinate the relationship between public power and private rights under emergency conditions,and ensure the unity of justice and efficiency.

关 键 词：突发事件 行政征用 原则 立法完善 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]