重庆建城以来城市空间扩展及特征研究  

SPATIAL EXPANSION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CHONGQING CITY SINCE IT WAS BUILT

作　　者：郭欢欢 林坚[2] 侯鹰[3] 张志刚[4] 孙芬 GUO Huanhuan;LIN Jian;HOU Ying;ZHANG Zhigang;SUN Fen

机构地区：[1]重庆市规划和自然资源调查监测院规划监测所 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心 [4]江苏省城乡发展研究中心 [5]重庆市规划和自然资源调查监测院统计分析所

出　　处：《城市规划》2020年第10期30-39,80,共11页City Planning Review

基　　金：中国博士后基金项目(2015M582526)。

摘　　要：研究大城市的空间扩展历史及扩展特征,对于分析和预测城市扩展具有重要的参考价值。基于文献、地图和遥感影像数据,根据重要事件、城市扩展面积和速度等,将重庆市主城区城市扩展分为四个阶段,并就每个阶段城市扩展特征进行解析。研究表明:(1)重庆城市扩展受重大历史事件影响并非线性增长,在城市建成初期、明清之际和抗战胜利后等多个阶段曾有不同程度的衰退;(2)1891年以前,重庆城市扩展动力不足,年均增长率仅约为0.18%,且城市扩展与军事有重要关系,城市大规模建设都发生在政权交替时期;(3)1891—1949年,受到开埠和陪都等事件影响,重庆城市扩展较快,年均增长率达到3.86%,城市管理的落后在一定程度上制约了城市扩展;(4)1950—1996年,尽管重庆城市扩展的面积较前两个阶段大幅增加,但年均增幅低于前一阶段,地形地貌对城市扩展的限制逐渐减弱;(5)1997年以来,重庆城市扩展达到了前所未有的速度,年均增幅达到9.69%,城市扩展彻底摆脱了山体和河流的阻隔,有四周蔓延的趋势。Research on the spatial expansion history and characteristics of large cities can provide an important reference for the analysis and prediction of urban expansion.This study identifies four phases in the expansion history of Chongqing City and analyzes the urban expansion characteristics at each phase based on literature,maps,and remote sensing images,as well as important events,and urban expansion area and speed.The study shows the following results.Firstly,Chongqing did not expand continuously in history due to major historical events.The city experienced different degrees of shrink in several periods,such as the early stage after it was built,the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,and after the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.Secondly,the driving force for urban expansion of Chongqing was weak before 1891,with an average annual growth rate of merely 0.18%.In addition,urban expansion was closely related to military,and large-scale urban constructions all happened in the regime changing periods.Thirdly,influenced by the events like Chongqing opened as a commercial port and becoming the wartime capital during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the city saw a relatively rapid expansion from 1891 to 1949,with an average annual growth rate of 3.86%.However,the poor urban management partly constrained the growth of Chongqing.Fourthly,although the increased urban area of Chongqing was much larger from 1950 to 1996 than that of the preceding two periods,the average annual growth rate was lower than that of the previous period.The constraint of terrain and landform on the city’s expansion weakened gradually.Fifthly,Chongqing has seen an unprecedented expansion since 1997,with an average annual growth rate of 9.69%.After completely breaking through the constraint of hills and rivers,the city tends to sprawl all around.

关 键 词：城市扩展 特征分析 文献与地图 重庆市 

分 类 号：F293.2[经济管理—国民经济]