施氮时期对葡萄叶片光合生理及内源激素水平的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application timing on photosynthetic physiology and endogenous hormones in grape leaves

作　　者：马宗桓 毛娟 魏居灿 褚明宇 李文芳 周琪 杨始锦 陈佰鸿 MA Zonghuan;MAO Juan;WEI Jucan;CHU Mingyu;LI Wenfang;ZHOU Qi;YANG Shijin;CHEN Baihong(College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China;Nanhua Ecological Construction Bureau, Bailongjiang Forestry Administration ofGansu Province, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省白龙江林业管理局南华生态建设局,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2020年第5期86-93,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省葡萄酒发展专项(039-041006);甘肃省科技重大专项(18ZD2NA006);甘肃省现代水果产业体系项目(GARS-SG-1)。

摘　　要：以10 a生酿酒葡萄‘蛇龙珠’为试验材料,运用水肥一体化滴灌的方式分别在萌芽期(S1)、新梢旺长期(S2)、开花期(S3)、果实第一次膨大期(S4)和副梢生长旺期(S5)一次性施入300 kg·hm^-2尿素,对照为整个生育期均不施氮肥(CK),分别于花后50 d(DAF50)、花后85 d(DAF85)和花后120 d(DAF120)进行光合特性指标的测定,并采样分析氮肥施用时期对葡萄叶片光合生理及内源激素水平的影响。结果表明:各生育期施氮均能增加叶片净光合速率(Pn)及PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),在花前施氮肥叶片Pn和Fv/Fm增加最为显著,最高分别达到18.22μmol·m^-2·s-1和0.854。S1、S2和S3处理显著增大了不同生育期叶片气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),且S2处理在DAF85时最显著,Gs和Tr分别比CK高18.5%和10.8%;S3、S4和S5处理显著降低了叶片的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),S1处理叶片Ci与CK之间无显著差异。果实第一次膨大期之前施入氮肥能够显著增大各生育期叶片的PSⅡ电子传递量子效率(ФPSⅡ)和光化学淬灭系数(qP),最高分别达到0.889和0.959。可见,不同时期施氮肥,通过改变光合荧光相关参数影响叶片光能的吸收、传递、耗散和分配,从而改善叶片光能利用效率。氮肥的施用时期影响各生育期叶片内源激素的含量,施氮肥均显著提高了DAF85后叶片玉米素(ZT)含量,与CK相比至少提高21.9%;花后施入氮肥叶片中IAA含量在果实采收时保持在34.9μg·g^-1以上,S4和S2处理GA3含量最高,分别为7.11μg·g^-1和6.49μg·g^-1。因此,氮肥施用时期影响葡萄各生育期不同内源激素的积累。10-year-old wine grapevine‘Cabernet Gernischet’was used as material.Drip irrigation of fertigation was applied at 300 kg·hm^-2 urea at germination stage(S1),vigorous growth of new shoots stage(S2),flowering stage(S3),the first stage of fruit expansion(S4),and secondary shoot growth stage(S5),respectively.No nitrogen was applied for control(CK)during the whole growth period.The photosynthetic characteristic index of leaves was measured separately at 50 days after anthesis(DAF50),85 days after anthesis(DAF85),and 120 days after anthesis(DAF120),and collected leaf samples were analyzed photosynthetic physiology and endogenous hormone levels during the period of nitrogen(N)application.The results showed that N application increased Pn and Fv/Fm of leaves during the whole growth period,and the increase of Pn and Fv/Fm of leaves before anthesis was the most significant,reaching 18.22μmol·m^-2·s-1 and 0.854,respectively.The stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of leaves at different growth stages were significantly increased by applying N during S1,S2,and S3.While the most significant one was at 85 days after anthesis when N application was at S2,Gs and Tr increased by 18.5%and 10.8%,respectively,compared with control.The intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and non photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)of leaves were significantly reduced when nitrogen application was at S3,S4,and S5.There was no significant difference between N fertilizer at S1 and CK.Applying N fertilizer before the first fruit expansion stage can significantly increase the quantum efficiency of PSⅡelectron transfer(ФPSⅡ)and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP),the highest values were 0.889 and 0.959,respectively.It can be seen that applying N fertilizer in different timings could affect the absorption,transmission,dissipation,and distribution of light energy in leaves by changing the parameters related to photosynthetic fluorescence,so as to improve the efficiency of light energy utilization.Application N fertilizer befo

关 键 词：施氮时期 葡萄 光合参数 荧光参数 内源激素含量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S663.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]