基于HYDRUS-2D的滨海地区膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移模拟研究  

Simulation of soil water and salt transport under mulched drip irrigation based on HYDRUS Model in coastal area

作　　者：马波 周青云 张宝忠[2,3] 王航[1] 尹林萍 MA Bo;ZHOU Qingyun;ZHANG Baozhong;WANG Hang;YIN Linping(College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute ofWater Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100083, China;National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300384 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2020年第5期182-191,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51609170,51379217)。

摘　　要：以春玉米“郑单958”为供试作物,采用膜下滴灌灌水方式,设定2种不同灌水定额,分别是单次灌水定额20 mm和10 mm,测定试验区土壤水分、盐分含量,利用HYDRUS-2D模型对土壤水盐运移进行模拟,将模拟值与实测值进行对比分析,探究滨海地区盐碱化土壤水盐运移规律。结果表明:滴灌过程中,水平方向土壤盐分由膜下向膜边运移,膜下土壤淋洗效果好于膜边;竖直方向0~20 cm土壤水分、盐分变化幅度最大,土壤含盐量降低16.1%,淋洗效果明显;下层土壤盐分淋洗效果一般,土壤含盐量降低值仅为9.6%。土壤水分重分布过程中,0~20 cm土层土壤含水率和含盐量变化幅度比20~60 cm土层大。0~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层高灌水定额(20 mm)处理对土壤盐分的抑制作用分别比低灌水定额(10 mm)处理高26%、11%、19%,并且高灌水定额滴灌将土壤盐分淋洗到60 cm土层以下,而低灌水定额滴灌未能将土壤盐分淋洗到60cm土层以下。HYDRUS-2D模拟得到的土壤含水率与含盐量和实测值基本吻合,模型可靠。Spring maize“Zhengdan 958”was used as the test material in the field experiment.Under mulched drip irrigation with 20 mm and 10 mm irrigation quotas,the contents of soil water and salt were determined.The simulations of soil water and salt transport were carried out by using the model of HYDRUS-2D in this study.By comparing the simulated values with the measured values,the laws of water and salt transport in salinized soil in coastal area were studied.The results showed that the soil salt moved from the middle of the film to the edge of the film in horizontal direction.Therefore,the effect of soil leaching in the center of film was better than that at the edge of film.The soil salt content of 0~20 cm was reduced by 16.1%in the vertical direction.The variation was the largest,and the leaching effect was obvious.The salt leaching effect of the subsoil was moderate,and the decrease in soil salt content was only 9.6%.In the process of soil water redistribution,the variation of soil water and salt contents in 0~20 cm soil layer was greater than that in 20~60 cm soil layer.The inhibition effect of high irrigation quota(20 mm)on soil salt in 0~20 cm,20~40 cm,and 40~60 cm soil layers was 26%,11%,and 19%higher than that in low irrigation quota(10 mm),respectively.Moreover,the soil salt was leached below 60 cm soil depth under high quota drip irrigation,while the low quota drip irrigation failed to leach the soil salt below 60 cm.The simulated values of HYDRUS-2D were basically consistent with the measured values of soil water and salt content,and the model was reliable.The simulation results have certain guiding significance for the prevention and salinization control in coastal area with shallow groundwater.

关 键 词：水盐运移 模拟 膜下滴灌土壤 HYDRUS-2D模型 滨海地区 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学]