地区主义、选举制改革与第二十一届韩国国会选举  

Localism,Electoral System Reform and the 21st Parliamentary Election of ROK

作　　者：韩献栋 HAN Xiandong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院国际政治系 [2]中国政法大学朝鲜半岛研究中心

出　　处：《东北亚学刊》2020年第6期80-95,149,150,共18页Journal of Northeast Asia Studies

摘　　要：地区主义是韩国政治发展中的沉疴痼疾之一。为弱化地区主义,第二十一届韩国国会选举改革了选举制度,引入了准联动型比例代表制。因降低了选民的法定年龄,选民结构也有所变化。同时,这届国会选举的时间正处于文在寅政府执政近3年之际,在韩国政治日程的时间坐标上占位比较重要,从而使得本届国会选举具有了检验新选举制度的功效,观测韩国民众整体政治倾向发展变化趋势的功能。选举以文在寅所属的共同民主党获得压倒性胜利而结束,这一结果不但意味着保守政党所秉持的所谓"保守"理念已经难以得到大多数民众的认同和支持,也意味着文在寅政府执政的法律、政治和社会环境将得到改善。这不仅有利于文在寅政府继续推进其内外政策,也为共同民主党赢得下届总统大选奠定了一定基础。Localism is one of the " chronic diseases" in the political development of ROK.In order to weaken the negative effect of localism,in the 21 st parliamentary election of ROK,the electoral system was reformed and a quasi-linked proportional representation system was introduced.With the minimum age of voters having lowered,the structure of voters has also changed.Meanwhile,that parliamentary election,held around the finishing of the third year of the Moon Jae-in government,occupied an important position in the Korean political agenda,which serves to test the new election system and observe the overall political tendency and attitude of South Korean people.The election ended with an overwhelming victory for the Harmonious Democratic Party that President Moon Jae-in is affiliated with,which means that the so-called " conservative" concept held by the conservative political party represented by the United Future Party can no longer be recognized and supported by most Korean people.It also implies that the legal,social and political environment as well as the public opinion of the Moon Jae-in government will be greatly improved,which will not only help the Moon Jae-in government to advance its policies but also lay some foundation,for the Harmonious Democratic Party to win the next presidential election.

关 键 词：地区主义政党结构 准联动 型比例代表制第二十一届韩国国 会选举 

分 类 号：D731.26[政治法律—政治学]